耗散 Rashba 纳米线中的 Majorana 零模
Majorana zero-modes in a dissipative Rashba nanowire
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文研究耗散对超导 Rashba 纳米线的影响，发现耗散不仅可使 Majorana 零模具有有限寿命，还能在拓扑平庸区域诱导出鲁棒零模和 Majorana 零模，并验证了其在无序下的稳定性。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
凝聚态系统持续受到耗散的影响，这通常对量子现象产生不利作用。我们聚焦于耗散对超导 Rashba 纳米线的影响。我们揭示，在存在耗散的情况下，该系统仍然可以承载具有有限寿命的 Majorana 零模（MZMs）。最有趣的是，在非耗散系统拓扑平庸的区域中，耗散还可以产生两种耗散边界态：四个鲁棒零模（RZMs）和两个 MZMs。MZMs 通过体带隙闭合出现，并以绕数进行拓扑表征。RZMs 不与任何体态相关联，也不具有绕数，但它们的出现与例外点相关。此外，我们证实了在存在随机无序的情况下，耗散诱导的 RZMs 和 MZMs 的稳定性。我们的研究为在实验装置中通过耗散驱动实现和稳定 MZMs 铺平了道路。
英文摘要
Condensed matter systems are continuously subjected to dissipation, which often has adverse effects on quantum phenomena. We focus on the impact of dissipation on a superconducting Rashba nanowire. We reveal that the system can still host Majorana zero-modes (MZMs) with a finite lifetime in the presence of dissipation. Most interestingly, dissipation can also generate two kinds of dissipative boundary states: four robust zero-modes (RZMs) and two MZMs, in the regime where the non-dissipative system is topologically trivial. The MZMs appear via bulk gap closing and are topologically characterized by a winding number. The RZMs are not associated with any bulk states and possess no winding number, but their emergence is instead tied to exceptional points. Further, we confirm the stability of the dissipation-induced RZMs and MZMs in the presence of random disorder. Our study paves the way for both realizing and stabilizing MZMs in an experimental setup, driven by dissipation.
