中能重离子碰撞中电场的估计
Estimation of electric field in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
AI总结：
本文利用 JAM 强子级联模型估计中能重离子碰撞中的电场，发现其强度超临界且寿命长，具有非微扰特性，可用于探索强场物理。
摘要：
我们估计了在中间碰撞能量 $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = {\mathcal O}(3 \\;-\\; 10\\;{\rm GeV})$ 下，对心重离子碰撞中电场的时空分布。利用强子级联模型（JAM；Jet AA Microscopic transport model），我们通过数值计算证明，所产生的电场强度为 $eE = {\mathcal O}((30 \\;-\\; 60\\;{\rm MeV})^2)$，这超过了 QED 的 Schwinger 极限，并且即使与强子/QCD 尺度相比也非可忽略地大，同时由于重子阻止效应，该电场能持续存在较长时间 $τ= {\mathcal O}(10\\;{\rm fm}/c)$。我们表明，所产生的场在非微扰参数（例如 Keldysh 参数）足够大的意义上具有非微扰强度。这与高能碰撞 $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} \gtrsim 100 \\;{\rm GeV}$ 形成对比，在高能碰撞中电场寿命极短，因此是微扰性的。我们的结果意味着，电磁场可能对中能重离子碰撞中的强子/QCD 过程产生唯象影响，并且重离子碰撞可以作为一种探索非微扰区域强场物理的新工具。
英文摘要：
We estimate the spacetime profile of the electric field in head-on heavy-ion collisions at intermediate collision energies $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = {\mathcal O}(3 \;-\; 10\;{\rm GeV})$. Using a hadronic cascade model (JAM; Jet AA Microscopic transport model), we numerically demonstrate that the produced field has strength $eE = {\mathcal O}((30 \;-\; 60\;{\rm MeV})^2)$, which is supercritical to the Schwinger limit of QED and is non-negligibly large compared even to the hadron/QCD scale, and survives for a long time $τ= {\mathcal O}(10\;{\rm fm}/c)$ due to the baryon stopping. We show that the produced field is nonperturbatively strong in the sense that the nonperturbativity parameters (e.g., the Keldysh parameter) are sufficiently large. This is in contrast to high-energy collisions $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} \gtrsim 100 \;{\rm GeV}$, where the field is extremely short-lived and hence is perturbative. Our results imply that the electromagnetic field may have phenomenological impacts on hadronic/QCD processes in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions and that heavy-ion collisions can be used as a new tool to explore strong-field physics in the nonperturbative regime.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
