各国推动知识边界：美国的主导地位、中国的崛起与欧盟的停滞
Countries pushing the boundaries of knowledge: the US dominance, China rise, and the EU stagnation
AI总结：
本研究使用 Rk 指数分析 25 国及欧盟在 10 个关键技术及生物医学研究主题上的表现，发现美国在技术领域显著领先中国，并在生物医学领域占据压倒性主导地位，挑战了现有宽松指标下的国家排名。
摘要：
了解哪些国家对推动科学和技术领域的知识边界贡献最大，具有重要的社会和政治意义。然而，常见的引用指标并不能充分衡量这一贡献。这种衡量需要更严格的指标，适用于那些推动知识边界的、极具影响力的突破性论文，这些论文被引用量极高但非常罕见。在此，我使用了近期提出的 Rk 指数，该指数专门为解决这一问题而设计。我将该指数应用于 25 个国家和欧盟，涵盖 10 个关键研究主题（五个技术主题和五个生物医学主题），分别研究国内论文和国际合作论文。在技术主题方面，国内论文的 Rk 指数表明，总体而言，美国、中国和欧盟处于领先地位；其他国家明显落后。美国显著领先于中国，而欧盟则远落后于中国。对生物医学主题采用相同方法分析显示，美国占据压倒性主导地位，且欧盟领先于中国。对国际合作论文的分析进一步证实了美国的主导地位。这些结果与基于较宽松指标的当前国家排名相冲突。
英文摘要：
Knowing which countries contribute the most to pushing the boundaries of knowledge in science and technology has social and political importance. However, common citation metrics do not adequately measure this contribution. This measure requires more stringent metrics appropriate for the highly influential breakthrough papers that push the boundaries of knowledge, which are very highly cited but very rare. Here I used the recently described Rk index, specifically designed to address this issue. I applied this index to 25 countries and the EU across 10 key research topics, five technological and five biomedical, studying domestic and international collaborative papers independently. In technological topics, the Rk indices of domestic papers show that overall, the USA, China, and the EU are leaders; other countries are clearly behind. The USA is notably ahead of China, and the EU is far behind China. The same approach to biomedical topics shows an overwhelming dominance of the USA and that the EU is ahead of China. The analysis of internationally collaborative papers further demonstrates the US dominance. These results conflict with current country rankings based on less stringent indicators.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
