arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 2402.15213stat.MLcs.LGmath.STstat.COstat.TH
收藏

统计不可知回归:一种用于验证回归模型的机器学习方法

Statistical Agnostic Regression: a machine learning method to validate regression models

Data Science and Computational Intelligence Institute, University of Granada(数据科学与计算智能研究所,格拉纳达大学);Dpt. Psychiatry, University of Cambridge(精神病学系,剑桥大学)

Juan M Gorriz, J. Ramirez, F. Segovia, F. J. Martinez-Murcia, C. Jiménez-Mesa, J. Suckling

AI总结:

本文提出统计不可知回归(SAR),通过集中不等式和最坏情况分析评估机器学习线性回归模型的统计显著性,无需经典假设即可进行类似多元F检验的方差分析。

摘要:

回归分析是统计建模中的核心主题,旨在估计一个因变量(通常称为响应变量)与一个或多个自变量(即解释变量)之间的关系。线性回归是迄今为止在数据集成和结合多来源信息进行预测建模等各类研究领域中执行该任务最流行的方法。用于求解线性回归问题的经典方法,例如普通最小二乘(OLS)、岭回归或 Lasso 回归,通常构成更高级机器学习(ML)技术的基础,这些技术虽已成功应用,但缺乏对统计显著性的正式定义。至多只是利用机器学习估计在检测上更高的敏感性,进行了置换检验或基于经验度量(如残差或准确率)的分析。在本文中,我们提出统计不可知回归(SAR),用于评估基于机器学习的线性回归模型的统计显著性。其实现方式是分析实际风险(期望损失)的集中不等式,并考虑最坏情况。为此,我们定义了一个阈值,确保至少有 $1-η$ 的概率存在充分证据,以断定在总体中解释(特征)变量与响应(标签)变量之间存在线性关系。仿真实验表明,所提出的不可知(非参数)检验能够提供一种类似于经典多元 $F$-检验对斜率参数所做的方差分析,而不依赖经典方法的潜在假设。此外,由该方法计算得到的残差体现了机器学习方法与经典 OLS 所得残差之间的一种折中。

英文摘要:

Regression analysis is a central topic in statistical modeling, aimed at estimating the relationships between a dependent variable, commonly referred to as the response variable, and one or more independent variables, i.e., explanatory variables. Linear regression is by far the most popular method for performing this task in various fields of research, such as data integration and predictive modeling when combining information from multiple sources. Classical methods for solving linear regression problems, such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Ridge, or Lasso regressions, often form the foundation for more advanced machine learning (ML) techniques, which have been successfully applied, though without a formal definition of statistical significance. At most, permutation or analyses based on empirical measures (e.g., residuals or accuracy) have been conducted, leveraging the greater sensitivity of ML estimations for detection. In this paper, we introduce Statistical Agnostic Regression (SAR) for evaluating the statistical significance of ML-based linear regression models. This is achieved by analyzing concentration inequalities of the actual risk (expected loss) and considering the worst-case scenario. To this end, we define a threshold that ensures there is sufficient evidence, with a probability of at least $1-η$, to conclude the existence of a linear relationship in the population between the explanatory (feature) and the response (label) variables. Simulations demonstrate the ability of the proposed agnostic (non-parametric) test to provide an analysis of variance similar to the classical multivariate $F$-test for the slope parameter, without relying on the underlying assumptions of classical methods. Moreover, the residuals computed from this method represent a trade-off between those obtained from ML approaches and the classical OLS.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑