闭弱相互作用系统的非相干演化导致微观态概率的等分布
Non-coherent evolution of closed weakly interacting system leads to equidistribution of probabilities of microstates
AI总结：
研究非相干演化如何通过费米黄金规则转化为马尔可夫过程，揭示其时间不可逆性及微观态概率等分布特性，提出非相干机制解释时间箭头问题。
摘要：
我们引入了宏观量子系统的非相干演化概念，证明弱相互作用系统中此类演化为马尔可夫随机过程。状态间转移率由费米黄金规则确定，导致概率在所有状态中等分布。进一步研究发现，单粒子态的平均粒子数随时间演化受玻尔兹曼碰撞积分支配。所提出的将时间可逆的幺正演化转化为时间不可逆的随机演化机制为非相干性，而非与热浴相互作用，而是源于量子态的有限谱宽。这种非相干性理解类似于波动光学中的理解，从而为著名的时间箭头问题提供新方法。
英文摘要：
We introduce a concept of non-coherent evolution of macroscopic quantum systems. We show that for weakly interacting systems such evolution is a Markovian stochastic process. The transition rates between system states, which characterize the process, are determined by Fermi's golden rule. Such evolution is time-irreversible and leads to the equidistribution of probabilities across every state of the system. Furthermore, we investigate the time dependence of the mean numbers of particles in single-particle states and find that, under the given assumptions, it is governed by the Boltzmann collision integral. The proposed mechanism that transforms time-reversible unitary evolution into time-irreversible stochastic evolution is non-coherence. In the presented theory, the non-coherence is not associated with interaction with a heat bath, but rather with the finite spectral width of quantum states. This understanding of non-coherence is analogous to the one used in wave optics. Thus, we present a novel approach to the famous arrow of time problem.
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