Charged particle reconstruction or track reconstruction is one of the most crucial components of pattern recognition in high-energy collider physics. It is known to entail enormous consumption of computing resources, especially when the particle multiplicity is high, which will be the conditions at future colliders, such as the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider and Super Proton-Proton Collider. Track reconstruction can be formulated as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem, for which various quantum algorithms have been investigated and evaluated with both a quantum simulator and hardware. Simulated bifurcation algorithms are a set of quantum-annealing-inspired algorithms, known to be serious competitors to other Ising machines. In this study, we show that simulated bifurcation algorithms can be employed to solve the particle tracking problem. The simulated bifurcation algorithms run on classical computers and are suitable for parallel processing and usage of graphical processing units, and they can handle significantly large amounts of data at high speed. These algorithms exhibit reconstruction efficiency and purity comparable to or sometimes improved over those of simulated annealing, but the running time can be reduced by as much as four orders of magnitude. These results suggest that QUBO models together with quantum-annealing-inspired algorithms are valuable for current and future particle tracking problems.
Charged particle tracking with quantum annealing-inspired optimization
California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory（费米国家加速器实验室）；University of California San Diego（加州大学圣迭戈分校）；Lockheed Martin Corporation（洛克希德·马丁公司）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）
Practical Noise Mitigation for Quantum Annealing via Dynamical Decoupling: Toward Industry-Relevant Optimization using Trapped Ions
University of Trento（特伦托大学）；INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications（意大利国家核物理研究所-特伦托基础物理与应用研究所）；Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Siegen（锡根大学电气与计算机工程系）；eleQtron GmbH（eleQtron有限公司）
