arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2402.14568cs.CL
收藏

LLM-DA:基于大语言模型的数据增强用于少样本命名实体识别

LLM-DA: Data Augmentation via Large Language Models for Few-Shot Named Entity Recognition

School of Computer Science, Fudan University(复旦大学计算机科学学院);School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University(华东师范大学计算机科学与技术学院);Institute of Modern Languages and Linguistics, Fudan University(复旦大学现代语言与语言学研究所)

Junjie Ye, Nuo Xu, Yikun Wang, Jie Zhou, Qi Zhang, Tao Gui, Xuanjing Huang

AI总结:

本文提出 LLM-DA,一种基于大语言模型的数据增强方法,通过上下文重写、同类型实体替换和噪声注入,在少样本场景下有效提升命名实体识别模型的性能和数据质量。

摘要:

尽管大语言模型(LLMs)展现出令人印象深刻的能力,但它们在信息抽取任务上的表现仍不尽如人意。然而,它们卓越的重写能力和广泛的世界知识为改进这些任务提供了有价值的启示。在本文中,我们提出了 LLM-DA,一种基于大语言模型的新型数据增强技术,用于少样本命名实体识别(NER)任务。为了克服现有数据增强方法损害语义完整性的局限性,并解决大语言模型生成文本中固有的不确定性,我们利用 NER 任务的独特特征,在上下文和实体两个层面上对原始数据进行增强。我们的方法包括采用 14 种上下文重写策略、设计同类型实体替换,并引入噪声注入以增强鲁棒性。大量实验证明了我们的方法在有限数据条件下提升 NER 模型性能的有效性。此外,进一步的分析提供了更多证据,支持我们所生成数据的质量优于其他现有方法的论断。

英文摘要:

Despite the impressive capabilities of large language models (LLMs), their performance on information extraction tasks is still not entirely satisfactory. However, their remarkable rewriting capabilities and extensive world knowledge offer valuable insights to improve these tasks. In this paper, we propose $LLM-DA$, a novel data augmentation technique based on LLMs for the few-shot NER task. To overcome the limitations of existing data augmentation methods that compromise semantic integrity and address the uncertainty inherent in LLM-generated text, we leverage the distinctive characteristics of the NER task by augmenting the original data at both the contextual and entity levels. Our approach involves employing 14 contextual rewriting strategies, designing entity replacements of the same type, and incorporating noise injection to enhance robustness. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing NER model performance with limited data. Furthermore, additional analyses provide further evidence supporting the assertion that the quality of the data we generate surpasses that of other existing methods.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑