对多个NaI(Tl)探测器进行钠和碘闪烁猝灭因子的测量以识别系统效应
A measurement of the sodium and iodine scintillation quenching factors across multiple NaI(Tl) detectors to identify systematics
AI总结：
本文通过在同一装置中测量五块NaI(Tl)晶体的钠和碘猝灭因子，发现结果一致且均低于DAMA/LIBRA报告值，并指出低能区光产额非正比性是主要系统效应来源。
摘要：
在闪烁靶中，核反冲产生的光量相较于电子产生的光量受到强烈猝灭。对猝灭因子的精确理解对WIMP搜寻和CEνNS测量尤为重要，因为两者都依赖核反冲，而能量刻度更容易从电子反冲获得。目前对碘化钠（NaI）晶体猝灭因子的测量结果存在很大差异，尤其是在10 keV以下，即暗物质和CEνNS研究关注的能量区域。更好地理解NaI(Tl)中的猝灭因子对于解决暗物质领域长达数十年的谜题具有特别意义，该谜题涉及大多数WIMP搜寻的零结果与DAMA/LIBRA合作组声称探测到暗物质之间的矛盾。在这项工作中，我们测量了五块以相似铊浓度和生长工艺制备的小型NaI(Tl)晶体的钠和碘猝灭因子。与以往实验不同，本次测试了多块晶体，并在同一实验装置中进行测量以控制系统效应。在我们研究的所有晶体中，猝灭因子一致，且钠和碘猝灭因子均小于DAMA/LIBRA报告的值。主要的系统效应来源于较低能量下NaI(Tl)光产额的非正比行为所导致的电子等效能量刻度，这可能是以往测量结果之间存在差异的原因。
英文摘要：
The amount of light produced by nuclear recoils in scintillating targets is strongly quenched compared to that produced by electrons. A precise understanding of the quenching factor is particularly interesting for WIMP searches and CEνNS measurements since both rely on nuclear recoils, whereas energy calibrations are more readily accessible from electron recoils. There is a wide variation among the current measurements of the quenching factor in sodium iodide (NaI) crystals, especially below 10 keV, the energy region of interest for dark matter and CEνNS studies. A better understanding of the quenching factor in NaI(Tl) is of particular interest for resolving the decades-old puzzle in the field of dark matter between the null results of most WIMP searches and the claim for dark matter detection by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration. In this work, we measured sodium and iodine quenching factors for five small NaI(Tl) crystals grown with similar thallium concentrations and growth procedures. Unlike previous experiments, multiple crystals were tested, with measurements made in the same experimental setup to control systematic effects. The quenching factors agree in all crystals we investigated, and both sodium and iodine quenching factors are smaller than those reported by DAMA/LIBRA. The dominant systematic effect was due to the electron equivalent energy calibration originating from the non-proportional behavior of the NaI(Tl) light yield at lower energies, potentially the cause for the discrepancies among the previous measurements.
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