第一类约束的松弛与规范理论的量子化：从“无物质的物质”到量子引力中时间的再现
Relaxation of first-class constraints and the quantization of gauge theories: from "matter without matter" to the reappearance of time in quantum gravity
AI总结：
本文对源自Fock与Stueckelberg的第一类约束松弛方法做概念性综述，统一该思想在引力、宇宙学等领域的不同研究迭代，推动正则规范理论初值问题及量子引力时间问题的相关研究。
摘要：
我们对正则规范理论中初值问题的一种特定方法进行了概念性综述。我们强调，若将第一类相空间约束解释为确定新自由度的取值，这些约束便可得到松弛。这一思想可追溯至Fock（福克）与Stueckelberg（施蒂克尔贝格），会导致理论的规范对称性受到限制，且在某些情况下，它对应于将自然常数提升为物理场。近期，该表述的不同版本在文献中获得了相当多的关注，出现了若干独立的迭代研究，尤其在引力、宇宙学和电磁学的经典与量子描述中。特别是在正则量子引力的情形下，Fock–Stueckelberg方法与所谓的时间问题相关。我们的综述回顾并推广了Fock与Stueckelberg的工作及其物理解释，旨在从概念上统一文献中出现的该思想的不同迭代，并推动进一步研究。
英文摘要：
We make a conceptual overview of a particular approach to the initial-value problem in canonical gauge theories. We stress how the first-class phase-space constraints may be relaxed if we interpret them as fixing the values of new degrees of freedom. This idea goes back to Fock and Stueckelberg, leading to restrictions of the gauge symmetry of a theory, and it corresponds, in certain cases, to promoting constants of Nature to physical fields. Recently, different versions of this formulation have gained considerable attention in the literature, with several independent iterations, particularly in classical and quantum descriptions of gravity, cosmology, and electromagnetism. In particular, in the case of canonical quantum gravity, the Fock--Stueckelberg approach is relevant to the so-called problem of time. Our overview recalls and generalizes the work of Fock and Stueckelberg and its physical interpretation with the aim of conceptually unifying the different iterations of the idea that appear in the literature and of motivating further research.
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