理解公共充电基础设施的机会中心可达性
Understanding the Opportunity-Centric Accessibility for Public Charging Infrastructure
AI总结：
本研究利用美国二十个大都市区充电站和兴趣点数据，提出评估公共充电站可达性应考虑机会可用性而非仅依赖空间距离，发现基于距离的公平部署在考虑机会时反而加剧不平等，为全国充电站规划提供指导。
摘要：
在本研究中，我们利用美国二十个大都市区超过28,000个公共充电站（PCSs）和550万个兴趣点的数据，强调在评估PCS可达性时考虑机会可用性的重要性，而不是仅依赖空间邻近性。具体而言，我们对机会中心可达性指标与基于距离的指标进行了全面比较，并在各种PCS部署策略下进行了反事实分析。我们的发现揭示了在基于距离和机会中心的指标下，不同社区在PCS接入方面存在显著的不平等。然而，当考虑机会时，差异更大，高收入社区对PCS的接入明显更好。反事实分析表明，基于距离指标的公平部署在考虑机会时导致最不公平的结果，这主要是由于我们城市中机会分布的现有差异。我们的见解突出了定位PCS的复杂性，并可以指导全国范围的PCS部署以实现长期的社会效益。
英文摘要：
In this study, we utilize data from over 28,000 public charging stations (PCSs) and 5.5 million points of interest across twenty U.S. metropolitan areas to underscore the importance of considering the availability of opportunities when assessing accessibility to PCSs, rather than relying solely on spatial proximity. Specifically, we conduct comprehensive comparisons of opportunity-centric accessibility measures with distance-based measures and perform counterfactual analyses under various PCS deployment strategies. Our findings reveal significant inequalities in PCS access across different neighborhoods under distance-based and opportunity-centric measures. However, a greater disparity exists when considering opportunities, with high-income communities having significantly better access to PCSs. Counterfactual analyses suggest that equitable deployment based on distance measures result in the least equitable outcomes when considering opportunities, primarily due to the existing disparity in opportunity distributions in our cities. Our insights highlight the complexity of locating PCSs and can guide nationwide PCS deployment for long-term societal benefits.
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