流体动力学化与重求和粘性流体动力学
Hydrodynamization and resummed viscous hydrodynamics
AI总结：
本文回顾了夸克-胶子等离子体的流体动力学化及各向异性流体动力学（aHydro）框架，证明其对逆雷诺数所有阶项的重求和使其能描述弱强相互作用极限，并在重离子碰撞唯象应用中更好地描述数据并提取高温下输运系数。
摘要：
在本章中，我回顾了目前对流体动力学适用于夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）建模的理解，重点关注 QGP 的流体动力学化/热化问题以及远离平衡态的各向异性流体动力学（aHydro）框架。我讨论了远离平衡态流体动力学吸引子的存在，以及在不同流体动力学框架中确定吸引子的方法。我还讨论了在弛豫时间近似下从玻尔兹曼方程精确解和应用于量子色动力学的有效动力学场理论中确定吸引子。随后，我将动力学吸引子与标准二阶粘性流体动力学框架和各向异性流体动力学中获得的吸引子进行了比较。我证明，由于对逆雷诺数所有阶项的重求和，各向异性流体动力学框架能够同时描述弱相互作用和强相互作用极限。接着，我回顾了使用准粒子 aHydro 和二阶粘性 aHydro 将各向异性流体动力学应用于相对论重离子碰撞的唯象应用。唯象结果表明，aHydro 为耗散相对论流体动力学向重离子碰撞早期远离平衡态阶段提供了受控的扩展。这使得人们能够更好地描述数据，并在比线性化二阶粘性流体动力学高得多的温度下提取输运系数的温度依赖性。
英文摘要：
In this contributed chapter, I review our current understanding of the applicability of hydrodynamics to modeling the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), focusing on the question of hydrodynamization/thermalization of the QGP and the anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic framework. I discuss the existence of far-from-equilibrium hydrodynamic attractors and methods for determining attractors within different hydrodynamical frameworks. I also discuss the determination of attractors from exact solutions to the Boltzmann equation in relaxation time approximation and effective kinetic field theory applied to quantum chromodynamics. I then present comparisons of the kinetic attractors with the attractors obtained in standard second-viscous hydrodynamics frameworks and anisotropic hydrodynamics. I demonstrate that, due to the resummation of terms to all orders in the inverse Reynolds number, the anisotropic hydrodynamics framework can describe both the weak- and strong-interaction limits. I then review the phenomenological application of anisotropic hydrodynamics to relativistic heavy-ion collisions using both quasiparticle aHydro and second-order viscous aHydro. The phenomenological results indicate that aHydro provides a controlled extension of dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics to the early-time far-from-equilibrium stage of heavy-ion collisions. This allows one to better describe the data and to extract the temperature dependence of transport coefficients at much higher temperatures than linearized second-order viscous hydrodynamics.
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