激光聚变设施中的二氧化硅末级透镜性能：HiPER与LIFE
Silica final lens performance in laser fusion facilities: HiPER and LIFE
AI总结：
本文评估了HiPER和LIFE激光聚变设施中二氧化硅末级透镜在严重辐照下的性能，计算了辐射通量、剂量、温升、色心形成及机械应力，指出需缓解离子影响并开发新方案解决启动点火问题。
摘要：
如今，美国的LIFE（激光惯性聚变能）项目和欧洲的HiPER（高功率激光能量研究）项目是证明激光聚变能可行性最先进的项目。要适当实现点火，主要关注点之一是末级光学器件（透镜）在聚变设施中发生的严重辐照条件下的性能。本文计算了辐射通量和剂量，以及辐射引起的温升和色心形成，假设了HiPER和LIFE的实际几何配置。在此基础上，评估了由既定温度梯度产生的机械应力，表明从机械角度来看，只有缓解了来自内爆靶的离子，透镜才能满足规格要求。计算了反应堆启动和稳态运行期间透镜的吸收系数。获得的结果表明，在HiPER的启动过程中需要新的解决方案来解决点火问题。最后，评估了温度梯度对焦距变化和透镜表面变形的影响。总之，我们讨论了二氧化硅透镜的能力和弱点，并提出了克服可预见问题的替代方案。
英文摘要：
Nowadays, the projects LIFE (Laser Inertial Fusion Energy) in USA and HiPER (High Power Laser Energy Research) in Europe are the most advanced ones to demonstrate laser fusion energy viability. One of the main points of concern to properly achieve ignition is the performance of the final optics (lenses) under the severe irradiation conditions that take place in fusion facilities. In this paper, we calculate the radiation fluxes and doses as well as the radiation-induced temperature enhancement and colour centre formation in final lenses assuming realistic geometrical configurations for HiPER and LIFE. On these bases, the mechanical stresses generated by the established temperature gradients are evaluated showing that from a mechanical point of view lenses only fulfill specifications if ions resulting from the imploding target are mitigated. The absorption coefficient of the lenses is calculated during reactor startup and steady-state operation. The obtained results evidence the necessity of new solutions to tackle ignition problems during the startup process for HiPER. Finally, we evaluated the effect of temperature gradients on focal length changes and lens surface deformations. In summary, we discuss the capabilities and weak points of silica lenses and propose alternatives to overcome predictable problems.
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