非常规超导的普适低温涨落揭示：冒烟枪证据指向伽利略玻色超流性
A universal low-temperature fluctuation of unconventional superconductivity revealed: Smoking gun favors Galilean bosonic superfluidity
AI总结：
研究发现多种超导体低温超流密度存在普适T³衰减，揭示新量子超流态，并用伽利略不变超流理论解释。
摘要：
低温热涨落为表征量子物质态的真实本质提供了重要窗口，费米液体理论就是一个典型例子。在长期追求对非常规超导基本理解的过程中，超流性最关键的低温热涨落却不幸被大大忽视了。在此，我们考察了从相对常规到高度非常规的超导体的众多家族（MgB$_2$、铋氧化物、掺杂巴克球、重费米子、UTe$_2$、掺杂SrTiO$_3$、Chevrel团簇、金属间化合物、$\kappa$-有机盐、过渡金属二硫化物、钌酸盐、铁基超导体、铜氧化物和kagome金属）中超流密度的主导热涨落。令人惊讶的是，在所有这些体系中，低温超流密度中都出现了前所未有的普适$T^3$衰减，即使在被认为常规的MgB$_2$中也是如此。这揭示了一种新的量子超流物质态，并要求在描述这些现代超导体时进行必要的范式转变。我们证明，这种非正统但普遍的行为可以用具有长寿命“真凝聚体”的伽利略不变流体动力学超流理论来描述。
英文摘要：
Low-temperature thermal fluctuations offer an essential window in characterizing the true nature of a quantum state of matter, a quintessential example being Fermi liquid theory. In the long-standing pursuit toward a fundamental understanding of unconventional superconductivity, the most essential low-temperature thermal fluctuation of superfluidity has unfortunately been greatly overlooked. Here, we examine the leading thermal fluctuation of the superfluid density across numerous families ranging from relatively conventional to highly unconventional superconductors (MgB$_2$, bismuthates, doped buckyballs, heavy fermions, UTe$_2$, doped SrTiO$_3$, Chevrel clusters, intermetallics, $κ$-organics, transition metal dichalcogenides, ruthenates, iron-pnictides, cuprates, and kagome metals). Amazingly, in all of them an unprecedented universal $T^3$ depletion materializes in the low-temperature superfluid density, even in the believed-to-be-conventional MgB$_2$. This reveals a new quantum superfluid state of matter and requires a necessary change of paradigm in describing these modern superconductors. We demonstrate that such an unorthodox yet generic behavior can be described by a Galilean invariant theory of hydrodynamic superfluidity hosting a long-lived `true condensate'.
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