Mighty Tracker —— LHCb MightyPix 的性能研究
Mighty Tracker -- Performance Studies of the MightyPix for LHCb
AI总结：
本文介绍了计划安装于LHCb的Mighty Tracker混合径迹系统，重点研究了其核心像素传感器MightyPix的辐射耐受性与时间分辨率，并开发了模块化读出系统MARS以完成芯片性能表征。
摘要：
计划在 LHC 的 LS4 期间于 LHCb 安装名为 Mighty Tracker 的新型下游径迹探测系统。这将使瞬时亮度从 $2\cdot10^{33}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ 增至 $1.5\cdot10^{34}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$，从而导致总体更高的辐射和高达六倍的占用率。为使材料预算保持与当前探测器相同甚至更低，Mighty Tracker 计划设计为混合系统，内部采用硅像素，外部采用闪烁光纤。像素探测器部分将使用像素尺寸为 $55~\mathrm{x}~165~\mathrm{μm^2}$ 的 HV-CMOS MAPS。选择该技术是因为其生产成本低、材料预算低、辐射耐受性高且时间分辨率好。为满足要求，传感器的研发与表征侧重于在高达 $2\cdot10^{15~}\mathrm{MeVn_{eq}}/\mathrm{cm^2}$ 的注量下的辐射损伤及 $\leq3~\mathrm{ns}$ 的时间分辨率。由于 LHCb 采用 $40~\mathrm{MHz}$ 无触发 DAQ，时间分辨率受到限制。为表征并进一步开发 MightyPix，已研发名为 MARS（Mighty TrAcker Readout System）的新型读出系统。MARS 是模块化系统，可在实验室及测试束设施中测试不同单芯片。该系统已用于对开发芯片进行初步表征研究，考察辐射耐受性、时间分辨率以及传感器设置对整体性能的影响。
英文摘要：
A new downstream tracking system, known as the Mighty Tracker, is planned to be installed at LHCb during LS4 of the LHC. This will allow an increase in instantaneous luminosity from $2\cdot10^{33}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ to $1.5\cdot10^{34}~\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and therefore an overall higher irradiation and up to six times higher occupancy. To keep the material budget as low or even lower as for the current detector, the Mighty Tracker is planned as a hybrid system with silicon pixels in the inner and scintillating fibers in the outer region. For the pixel detector part HV-CMOS MAPS with a pixel size of $55~\mathrm{x}~165~\mathrm{μm^2}$ will be used. This technology has been chosen because of its low production costs, low material budget, high radiation tolerance and good timing resolution. To fulfill the requirements, the development and characterization of the sensors focuses on radiation damage with fluences up to $2\cdot10^{15~}\mathrm{MeVn_{eq}}/\mathrm{cm^2}$ and a timing resolution $\leq3~\mathrm{ns}$. The timing resolution is restricted due to the $40~\mathrm{MHz}$ trigger-less DAQ by LHCb. To characterize and further develop the MightyPix a new readout system called MARS (Mighty TrAcker Readout System) has been developed. MARS is a modular system, able to test different single chips in the laboratory as well as at testbeam facilities. It has been used to perform first characterization studies of development-chips investigating radiation tolerance and timing resolution as well as the dependence of the sensor settings on the overall performance.
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