来自富勒烯分子的实空间与动量空间同时电子衍射
Simultaneous real and momentum space electron diffraction from a fullerene molecule
AI总结：
以C60弹性散射为例，揭示对称靶在实空间与动量空间同时发生电子衍射的现象，并提出利用二维探测器和能量可调电子枪进行实验成像，为电子衍射技术拓展和超快电子衍射时间延迟控制提供新方向。
摘要：
平面波电子在从靶散射时以重叠球面波的形式发生动量转移。转移的动量导致靶结构信息被编码在角度与能量微分散射中。对于对称、周期性或结构化靶，这会在实（角）空间和动量空间的电子强度中引发衍射。以C60的弹性散射为例，我们展示了这种衍射特征的同步显现。模拟的角度-动量衍射图可通过配备二维探测器和能量可调电子枪的实验进行成像。该结果可能启发相关技术的发明，以拓展分子和纳米结构电子衍射的范围，开辟使用动量微分衍射的电子晶体学方向，并推动通过在超快电子衍射实验中调节电子撞击速度来控制泵浦激光脉冲与探针电子脉冲之间时间延迟的方法。
英文摘要：
Plane-wave electrons undergo momentum transfer as they scatter off a target in overlapping spherical waves. The transferred momentum leads to target structural information to be encoded in angle and energy differential scattering. For symmetric, periodic or structured targets this can engender diffraction in the electron intensity both in real (angular) and in momentum space. With the example of elastic scattering from C60 we show this simultaneous manifestation of diffraction signatures. The simulated angle-momentum diffractograms can be imaged in experiments with a two-dimensional detector and an energy-tunable electron gun. The result may inspire invention of technology to extend scopes of electron diffraction from molecules and nanostructures, open a direction of electron crystallography using the momentum-differential diffraction, and motivate an approach to control the time delay between the pump laser-pulse and the probe electron-pulse by tuning the electron impact-speed in ultrafast electron diffraction experiments.
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