量子代理的信息增益与测量扰动
Information gain and measurement disturbance for quantum agents
AI总结：
将量子测量推广至量子代理，其记忆可存储经典或量子信息，发现量子代理能获取更多信息但代价是更大的测量扰动，并通过实验表征了这种权衡。
摘要：
量子测量的传统形式（以下简称“TQM”）描述了量子态的某些属性被提取并存储为经典信息的过程。虽然TQM是人类与量子系统交互的自然且恰当的描述，但它对于更一般的量子代理如何做到这一点却保持沉默。我们如何描述一个观察者对一个系统的观察，该观察者不仅能够存储经典信息，还能在其记忆中存储量子态？在本文中，我们将测量的概念扩展到量子代理的更一般传感器类别，这些传感器与系统交互的方式使得代理的记忆存储关于所研究系统的信息（经典或量子）。对于适当的感官交互，量子代理可能比任何经典测量集合下所能做到的“学习”更多关于系统的信息——但正如我们所示，这是以额外的测量扰动为代价的。我们通过实验演示了这样一个系统，并通过考虑擦除测量效应所需的信道容量来表征权衡。
英文摘要：
The traditional formalism of quantum measurement (hereafter ``TQM'') describes processes where some properties of quantum states are extracted and stored as classical information. While TQM is a natural and appropriate description of how humans interact with quantum systems, it is silent on the question of how a more general, quantum, agent would do so. How do we describe the observation of a system by an observer with the ability to store not only classical information but quantum states in its memory? In this paper, we extend the idea of measurement to a more general class of sensors for quantum agents which interact with a system in such a way that the agent's memory stores information (classical or quantum) about the system under study. For appropriate sensory interactions, the quantum agent may ``learn'' more about the system than would be possible under any set of classical measurements -- but as we show, this comes at the cost of additional measurement disturbance. We experimentally demonstrate such a system and characterize the tradeoffs by considering the channel capacity required to erase the effect of a measurement.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
