破除高亮度大型强子对撞机的 $\sqrt{L}$ 神话
Dispelling the $\sqrt{L}$ myth for the High-Luminosity LHC
AI总结：
该研究通过顶夸克、希格斯玻色子和电弱规范玻色子的代表性分析，证明高亮度LHC灵敏度并非仅随亮度平方根标度，利用多特征数据可打破保守假设，实现更有效的搜索策略。
摘要：
对新相互作用和标准模型参数的灵敏度外推，对大型强子对撞机（LHC）及其潜在未来对撞机方案的计划至关重要。为此，基于包容性量和既定分析策略的统计考量，通常会产生灵敏度随亮度平方根 $\sqrt{L}$ 标度的结论。这表明，与截至2025年收集的数据相比，LHC高亮度阶段仅能带来温和的灵敏度提升。我们讨论了顶夸克、希格斯玻色子和电弱规范玻色子现象学中的代表性分析，并提供明确证据表明，在高亮度LHC中，搜索和测量灵敏度仅随 $\sqrt{L}$ 标度的假设充其量是过于保守的，在实践中也不现实。由于运动学覆盖使得更针对性的搜索策略具备足够的统计灵敏度，利用数据中的多种特征打破了基于更包容性选择的标度关系。
英文摘要：
Extrapolations of sensitivity to new interactions and standard model parameters critically inform the programme at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and potential future collider cases. To this end, statistical considerations based on inclusive quantities and established analysis strategies typically give rise to a sensitivity scaling with the square root of the luminosity, $\sqrt{L}$. This suggests only a mild sensitivity improvement for LHC's high-luminosity phase, compared to the collected data up to the year 2025. We discuss representative analyses in top quark, Higgs boson and electroweak gauge boson phenomenology and provide clear evidence that the assumption that the sensitivity in searches and measurement scales only with $\sqrt{L}$ at the High-Luminosity LHC is overly conservative at best, and unrealistic in practice. As kinematic coverage enables more targeted search strategies with sufficient statistical sensitivity, employing a multitude of features in data dispels the scaling based on more inclusive selections.
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