异构网络中LT编码区块链的可扩展性及其拒绝服务威胁漏洞研究
On Scaling LT-Coded Blockchains in Heterogeneous Networks and their Vulnerabilities to DoS Threats
AI总结：
该研究针对异构网络中传统LT编码区块链解码器非最优的问题提出混合解码器及最优运行区间，同时首次揭示其非盲DoS安全漏洞，为编码区块链的安全可扩展设计提供新方向。
摘要：
编码区块链作为降低存储成本、提升可扩展性的可行方案已受到广泛关注。在这类方案中，Luby Transform（LT，卢比变换）编码区块链因具备多种低复杂度解码器而成为极具吸引力的可扩展性选择。在本研究的第一部分，我们发现传统LT解码器（如置信传播解码器、即时高斯消元解码器）对于节点计算能力和下载能力各异的异构网络而言可能并非最优。为解决这一问题，我们提出了一套适用于LT码的混合解码器家族，并给出了其最优运行区间，以最低解码成本恢复区块链数据。尽管现有研究已从存储节省和可扩展性角度对LT编码区块链架构展开探讨，但针对其安全漏洞的研究仍十分有限。针对这一研究空白，在第二部分中，我们提出了针对LT编码区块链的新型拒绝服务（DoS）威胁，这类威胁针对具备特定解码能力的节点，阻止其加入网络。我们提出的威胁本质上是非盲的：攻击者能够获取已归档的区块，并根据底层编码方案选择对部分区块发动攻击。我们证明，优化后的威胁仅需有限资源，即可达到与盲攻击同等程度的破坏效果。总体而言，这是该领域的首项研究，为设计兼具存储节省、可扩展性且能抵御优化攻击的编码区块链提出了新的研究问题。
英文摘要：
Coded blockchains have acquired prominence as a promising solution to reduce storage costs and facilitate scalability. Within this class, Luby Transform (LT) coded blockchains are an appealing choice for scalability owing to the availability of a wide range of low-complexity decoders. In the first part of this work, we identify that traditional LT decoders like Belief Propagation and On-the-Fly Gaussian Elimination may not be optimal for heterogeneous networks with nodes that have varying computational and download capabilities. To address this, we introduce a family of hybrid decoders for LT codes and propose optimal operating regimes for them to recover the blockchain at the lowest decoding cost. While LT coded blockchain architecture has been studied from the aspects of storage savings and scalability, not much is known in terms of its security vulnerabilities. Pointing at this research gap, in the second part, we present novel denial-of-service threats on LT coded blockchains that target nodes with specific decoding capabilities, preventing them from joining the network. Our proposed threats are non-oblivious in nature, wherein adversaries gain access to the archived blocks, and choose to execute their attack on a subset of them based on underlying coding scheme. We show that our optimized threats can achieve the same level of damage as that of blind attacks, however, with limited amount of resources. Overall, this is the first work of its kind that opens up new questions on designing coded blockchains to jointly provide storage savings, scalability and also resilience to optimized threats.
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