利用ESPRESSO研究基础物理：PKS1937-101方向D/H比值的新测定
Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: a new determination of the D/H ratio towards PKS1937-101
AI总结：
利用ESPRESSO高分辨率光谱数据，在红移3.572的类星体吸收系统中精确测定原初氘丰度，得到D/H比值，与现有最精确测量一致，并识别出低柱密度导致的建模不确定性为主要误差来源。
摘要：
轻元素的原初丰度对早期宇宙的物理过程十分敏感，可直接约束宇宙学量，如重子-光子比$\eta_{10}$、重子密度和中微子家族数。氘特别适合此类研究：其原初丰度对$\eta_{10}$敏感且呈单调依赖，从而可独立测量宇宙重子密度，并可与普朗克卫星数据等进行对比。原初氘丰度可通过高$H_I$柱密度吸收系统在遥远类星体方向测量。我们在此报告一项基于高分辨率ESPRESSO数据的新测量，针对红移$z \sim 3.572$、朝向PKS1937-101的系统，测定其原初$D_I$丰度。仅使用ESPRESSO数据，我们得到D/H比值为$2.638\pm0.128 \times 10^{-5}$；而纳入现有UVES数据后，精度得到提升，比值为$2.608 \pm 0.102 \times 10^{-5}$。本分析结果与现有最精确测量结果一致。我们发现，该系统的柱密度相对较低（$\log{N_{\rm H_I}/ {\rm cm}^{-2}}\sim18$），由此引入的建模不确定性成为误差预算的主要来源。
英文摘要：
Primordial abundances of light elements are sensitive to the physics of the early Universe and can directly constrain cosmological quantities, such as the baryon-to-photon ratio $η_{10}$, the baryon density and the number of neutrino families. Deuterium is especially suited for these studies: its primordial abundance is sensitive and monotonically dependent on $η_{10}$, allowing an independent measurement of the cosmic baryon density that can be compared, for instance, against the Planck satellite data. The primordial deuterium abundance can be measured in high $H_I$ column density absorption systems towards distant quasars. We report here a new measurement, based on high-resolution ESPRESSO data, of the primordial $D_I$ abundance of a system at redshift $z \sim 3.572$, towards PKS1937-101. Using only ESPRESSO data, we find a D/H ratio of $2.638\pm0.128 \times 10^{-5}$, while including the available UVES data improves the precision, leading to a ratio of $2.608 \pm 0.102 \times 10^{-5}$. The results of this analysis agree with those of the most precise existing measurements. We find that the relatively low column density of this system ($\log{N_{\rm H_I}/ {\rm cm}^{-2}}\sim18 $) introduces modelling uncertainties, which become the main contributor to the error budget.
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