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arXiv 2402.05549quant-phmath.OC
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组合优化中最优QAOA参数的迁移学习

Transfer learning of optimal QAOA parameters in combinatorial optimization

J. A. Montanez-Barrera, Dennis Willsch, Kristel Michielsen

AI总结:

本研究针对QAOA参数搜索困难的问题,探究跨组合优化问题的参数迁移学习,发现BPP的最优参数可迁移性最佳,且支持跨量子硬件与量子退火平台的迁移,性能优于默认协议。

摘要:

求解组合优化问题(COP)是量子计算的一项极具前景的应用,而量子近似优化算法(QAOA)是目前被研究最多的求解此类问题的量子算法之一。然而,多重因素使得QAOA的参数搜索成为一个困难的优化问题。\n在本研究中,我们探究了迁移学习(TL)——一种将某一问题实例的预训练QAOA参数复用到不同COP实例中的方法学。该方法可用于降低为单个问题通过经典优化寻找优质参数的必要性。为此,我们选取了旅行商问题(TSP)、装箱问题(BPP)、背包问题(KP)、加权最大割(MaxCut)问题、最大独立集(MIS)问题以及投资组合优化(PO)的小规模算例,求解了p层对应的最优$\beta$和$\gamma$参数。我们对比了针对某一问题求得的参数向其他问题迁移的效果。\n在所有问题中,BPP生成的参数可迁移性最佳:在问题规模最高达42量子比特、p=10层的情况下,其找到最优解的概率始终高于随机猜测二次加速对应的概率水平。利用BPP参数,我们在IonQ Harmony、IonQ Aria、Rigetti Aspen-M-3和IBM Brisbane量子硬件上开展了最高18量子比特的MIS算例实验,结果表明IonQ Aria得到的结果与理想概率分布的重叠度最高。此外,我们证明了借助D-Wave Advantage量子退火机,结合为BPP求得的参数,跨平台迁移学习是可行的:在最高170量子比特的MIS问题上,其性能相较于默认协议有所提升。我们的研究结果表明,存在能够很好地泛化到不同COP和退火协议的QAOA参数。

英文摘要:

Solving combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) is a promising application of quantum computation, with the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) being one of the most studied quantum algorithms for solving them. However, multiple factors make the parameter search of the QAOA a hard optimization problem. In this work, we study transfer learning (TL), a methodology to reuse pre-trained QAOA parameters of one problem instance into different COP instances. This methodology can be used to alleviate the necessity of classical optimization to find good parameters for individual problems. To this end, we select small cases of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), the bin packing problem (BPP), the knapsack problem (KP), the weighted maximum cut (MaxCut) problem, the maximal independent set (MIS) problem, and portfolio optimization (PO), and find optimal $β$ and $γ$ parameters for p layers. We compare how well the parameters found for one problem adapt to the others. Among the different problems, BPP is the one that produces the best transferable parameters, maintaining the probability of finding the optimal solution above a quadratic speedup over random guessing for problem sizes up to 42 qubits and p = 10 layers. Using the BPP parameters, we perform experiments on IonQ Harmony and Aria, Rigetti Aspen-M-3, and IBM Brisbane of MIS instances for up to 18 qubits. The results indicate that IonQ Aria yields the best overlap with the ideal probability distribution. Additionally, we show that cross-platform TL is possible using the D-Wave Advantage quantum annealer with the parameters found for BPP. We show an improvement in performance compared to the default protocols for MIS with up to 170 qubits. Our results suggest that there are QAOA parameters that generalize well for different COPs and annealing protocols.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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