关于基于部件的方法预测高速列车转向架气动噪声可行性的研究
On the feasibility of a component-based approach to predict aerodynamic noise from high-speed train bogies
AI总结：
本研究评估了基于部件的半经验模型预测高速列车转向架气动噪声的可行性，通过风洞实验调整模型常数，并验证了其对简化转向架的预测准确性，但模型未考虑腔体噪声导致低频低估。
摘要：
在速度超过300 km/h时，气动噪声成为铁路噪声的重要来源。在高速列车中，转向架区域是最重要的气动噪声源之一。为了预测气动噪声，半经验基于部件的模型具有吸引力，因为它们相比数值方法能够实现快速且低成本的计算。此类基于部件的模型此前已成功应用于预测由各种圆柱体组成的列车受电弓的气动噪声。在本工作中，评估了将这些模型应用于由各种钝体组成的转向架气动噪声的可行性。为此，在消声风洞中针对不同流速，使用代表转向架各种理想化部件的简单形状进行了噪声测量。这些结果被用于调整基于部件的预测模型的经验常数，以使其能够应用于转向架情形。此外，测量了1:10比例简化转向架模型的噪声，并将其与预测模型进行比较。结果表明，对于单独的转向架，测量与预测之间具有良好的一致性。当转向架位于两个近似简化转向架腔的斜坡之间时，低频噪声被低估。这归因于模型中未包含的腔体噪声。
英文摘要：
At speeds above 300 km/h, aerodynamic noise becomes a significant source of railway noise. In a high-speed train, the bogie area is one of the most important aerodynamic noise sources. To predict aerodynamic noise, semi-empirical component-based models are attractive as they allow fast and cheap calculations compared with numerical methods. Such component-based models have been previously applied successfully to predict the aerodynamic noise from train pantographs which consist of various cylinders. In this work, the feasibility is evaluated of applying them to the aerodynamic noise from bogies, which consist of various bluff bodies. To this end, noise measurements were carried out in an anechoic wind tunnel for different flow speeds using simple shapes representing various idealised components of a bogie. These results have been used to adjust the empirical constants of the component-based prediction model to enable its application to the bogie case. In addition, the noise from a 1:10 scale simplified bogie mock-up was measured and used for comparison with the prediction model. The results show good agreement between measurements and predictions for the bogie alone. When the bogie is located between two ramps approximating a simplified bogie cavity the noise is underpredicted at low frequencies. This is attributed to the noise from the cavity which is not included in the model.
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