从双曲线黑洞并合事件中搜索线性引力波记忆的高效方案及其在NANOGrav 12.5年数据集中的应用
Efficient prescription to search for linear gravitational wave memory from hyperbolic black hole encounters and its application to the NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset
AI总结：
本研究提出一种高效建模方案，用于搜索双曲线黑洞并合产生的线性引力波记忆，经模拟验证后应用于NANOGrav 12.5年数据集，给出了95%置信水平的信号振幅上限，为后续PTA相关研究提供约束参考。
摘要：
带记忆的爆发事件是日趋成熟的脉冲星计时阵列（PTA）研究中潜在的瞬态引力波源。我们提出了一种计算高效的方案，采用开普勒型参数化解，对广义相对论双曲线轨道上的超大质量黑洞对引发的脉冲星计时残差进行建模。我们对生成的带线性引力波记忆（LGWM）的爆发事件开展了注入研究，利用模拟数据集测试了我们流水线的性能，随后将其应用于公开的NANOGrav 12.5年（NG12.5）数据集。鉴于在真实NG12.5数据集中未发现任何LGWM事件的证据，我们针对PTA信号振幅给出了95%置信水平的上限，该上限是源的天空位置和信号某一特征频率（n）的函数。计算上限时所用的信号模型除LGWM信号外，还考虑了每颗脉冲星特有的内禀计时噪声，以及一种共同的、空间不相关的红噪声。我们的研究表明，对所有其他参数边缘化后，当n>3.16 nHz时，LGWM振幅的95%置信上限为3.48 ± 0.51 μs。这项工作对即将发布的国际脉冲星计时阵列数据中的爆发事件与记忆事件的约束研究具有参考意义。
英文摘要：
Burst with memory events are potential transient gravitational wave sources for the maturing pulsar timing array (PTA) efforts. We provide a computationally efficient prescription to model pulsar timing residuals induced by supermassive black hole pairs in general relativistic hyperbolic trajectories employing a Keplerian-type parametric solution. Injection studies have been pursued on the resulting bursts with linear GW memory (LGWM) events with simulated datasets to test the performance of our pipeline, followed by its application to the publicly available NANOGrav 12.5-year (NG12.5) dataset. Given the absence of any evidence of LGWM events within the real NG12.5 dataset, we impose $95\%$ upper limits on the PTA signal amplitude as a function of the sky location of the source and certain characteristic frequency ($n$) of the signal. The upper limits are computed using a signal model that takes into account the presence of intrinsic timing noise specific to each pulsar, as well as a common, spatially uncorrelated red noise, alongside the LGWM signal. Our investigations reveal that the $95\%$ upper limits on LGWM amplitude, marginalized over all other parameters, is 3.48 $\pm 0.51 \ μ$s for $n>3.16$ nHz. This effort should be relevant for constraining both burst and memory events in the upcoming International Pulsar Timing Array data releases.
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