解决LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA在科学文献中可见性的问题
Addressing the problem of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA visibility in the scientific literature
AI总结：
本研究揭示并量化了引力波文献中忽视Virgo和KAGRA的引用偏见，通过一年监测和积极干预，使问题论文的引用影响减半。
摘要：
作为Virgo合作组的成员——与LIGO科学合作组和KAGRA合作组共同探索引力波宇宙的大型科学合作组织之一——我们意识到存在有偏见的引用实践，这些实践将Virgo以及KAGRA排除在原本属于更广泛的LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA合作组的集体成就之外。在此，我们将这些实践置于默顿的马太效应背景下进行讨论，将这一已被充分研究的认知偏差的适用范围扩展到大型国际科学合作组织。我们提供了其发生的定性证据，展示了引力波科学相关科学文献中已发表论文之间的链接网络。我们注意到，关键词LIGO所关联的论文数量和主题多样性远大于关键词Virgo。我们通过一项基于对相关文献进行为期一年监测的定量研究来支持这些定性观察，期间我们扫描了arXiv电子预印本数据库中出现的所有新预印本。在一年期间，我们识别出所有未能给予Virgo应有署名的预印本。作为进一步步骤，我们采取了积极行动，要求有问题的论文作者进行更正。我们还报告了一项更深入的调查，该调查针对研究期间前三个月出现的有问题预印本进行，检查了其作者对我们的请求作出积极反应并更正论文的频率。最后，我们衡量了被归类为有问题的论文的全球影响，并观察到，由于根据我们的请求所实施的更改，全球影响（以仍存在Virgo可见性问题的论文的引用次数衡量）减少了一半。我们以对未来工作更广泛视角的一般性考虑来结束本文。
英文摘要：
As members of the Virgo Collaboration -- one of the large scientific collaborations that explore the universe of gravitational waves together with the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the KAGRA Collaboration -- we became aware of biased citation practices that exclude Virgo, as well as KAGRA, from achievements that collectively belong to the wider LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Collaboration. Here, we frame these practices in the context of Merton's Matthew effect, extending the reach of this well studied cognitive bias to include large international scientific collaborations. We provide qualitative evidence of its occurrence, displaying the network of links among published papers in the scientific literature related to Gravitational Wave science. We note how the keyword LIGO is linked to a much larger number of papers and variety of subjects than the keyword Virgo. We support these qualitative observations with a quantitative study based on a year-long monitoring of the relevant literature, where we scan all new preprints appearing in the arXiv electronic preprint database. Over the course of one year we identified all preprints failing to assign due credits to Virgo. As a further step, we undertook positive actions by asking the authors of problematic papers to correct them. We also report on a more in-depth investigation which we performed on problematic preprints that appeared in the first three months of the period under consideration, checking how frequently their authors reacted positively to our request and corrected their papers. Finally, we measure the global impact of papers classified as problematic and observe that, thanks to the changes implemented in response to our requests, the global impact (measured as the number of citations of papers which still contain Virgo visibility issues) was halved. We conclude the paper with general considerations for future work in a wider perspective.
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