热浴中的单原子与纠缠原子系统及 Fulling-Davies-Unruh 效应
Single and entangled atomic systems in thermal bath and the Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect
AI总结：
本文研究静止于热浴中的单原子与纠缠双原子的跃迁率，揭示其与匀加速原子在自由空间和腔体中 Fulling-Davies-Unruh 效应的等价条件及失效机制。
摘要：
在本研究中，我们在静止于热浴中的两能级单原子系统和纠缠原子系统背景下，重新考察了 Fulling-Davies-Unruh 效应。我们考虑这些系统与无质量标量场之间的相互作用，涵盖自由空间以及腔体内的情形。通过计算原子跃迁率，并与《Phys. Rev. D 108 (2023) 085018》的结果进行比较，我们发现：在自由空间中，只要热浴温度与 Unruh 温度相匹配，相对于观察者做匀加速运动的原子，其向上和向下跃迁率与相对于观察者静止并浸没在热浴中的单个原子的向上和向下跃迁率之间存在等价关系。在存在腔体的情况下，这种向上和向下跃迁率之间的等价关系会失效。对于双原子系统，在假设初始态处于一般纯纠缠形式的情况下，我们发现：此时加速情形与静态热浴情形之间向上和向下跃迁率的等价关系，在自由空间中仅在特定极限条件下成立，而在腔体设置中则完全失效。尽管如此，无论在自由空间还是腔体内，热浴中向上与向下跃迁率的比值都与加速系统的相应比值精确一致。
英文摘要：
In this study, we revisit the Fulling-Davies-Unruh effect in the context of two-level single and entangled atomic systems that are static in a thermal bath. We consider the interaction between the systems and a massless scalar field, covering the scenarios of free space as well as within a cavity. Through the calculation of atomic transition rates and comparing with the results of [\textcolor{blue}{\textit{Phys. Rev. D 108 (2023) 085018}}], it is found that in free space there is an equivalence between the upward and downward transition rates of a uniformly accelerated atom with respect to an observer with that of a single atom which is static with respect to the observer and immersed in a thermal bath, as long as the temperature of the thermal bath matches the Unruh temperature. This equivalence between the upward and downward transition rates breaks down in the presence of a cavity. For two-atom systems, considering the initial state to be in a general pure entangled form, we find that in this case the equivalence between the upward and downward transition rates of the accelerated and static thermal bath scenarios holds only under specific limiting conditions in free space, but breaks down completely in a cavity setup. Though the ratio of the upward and downward transition rates in the thermal bath matches exactly with those of the accelerated systems in free space as well as inside the cavity.
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