语音对系统发育重建而言可靠吗？
Are Sounds Sound for Phylogenetic Reconstruction?
AI总结：
本研究针对计算语言学系统发育重建未充分利用语音特征的问题，基于10个多语系数据集与最优检测方法，首次对比语音与同源词方法的重建效果，发现同源词方法重建的系统发育树拓扑精度比语音方法高约三分之一。
摘要：
在传统语言演化研究中，学者通常强调语音定律与语音对应关系对语系树系统发育推断的重要性。但截至目前，计算方法通常尚未考量这一潜在价值。多数计算研究仍以词汇同源词作为语言学系统发育重建的主要数据源，不过确实有少数研究的作者提及了在语音序列层面比较词汇的优势。基于（a）来自不同语系的10个多样化数据集，以及（b）用于自动同源词与语音对应检测的SOTA（当前最优）方法，我们首次测试了基于语音与基于同源词的系统发育重建方法的性能。结果表明，与基于语音对应重建的系统发育树相比，基于词汇同源词重建的系统发育树在拓扑结构上更接近金标准系统发育树，以广义四分体距离衡量平均近约三分之一。
英文摘要：
In traditional studies on language evolution, scholars often emphasize the importance of sound laws and sound correspondences for phylogenetic inference of language family trees. However, to date, computational approaches have typically not taken this potential into account. Most computational studies still rely on lexical cognates as major data source for phylogenetic reconstruction in linguistics, although there do exist a few studies in which authors praise the benefits of comparing words at the level of sound sequences. Building on (a) ten diverse datasets from different language families, and (b) state-of-the-art methods for automated cognate and sound correspondence detection, we test, for the first time, the performance of sound-based versus cognate-based approaches to phylogenetic reconstruction. Our results show that phylogenies reconstructed from lexical cognates are topologically closer, by approximately one third with respect to the generalized quartet distance on average, to the gold standard phylogenies than phylogenies reconstructed from sound correspondences.
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