声学定位系统中基于Zadoff-Chu、Kasami和Chirp的编码方案评估
Evaluation of Zadoff-Chu, Kasami and Chirp based encoding schemes for Acoustic Local Positioning Systems
AI总结：
本研究评估了声学定位系统中三种编码方案（Kasami码、Zadoff-Chu和正交Chirp）的到达时间精度，通过仿真和实验验证，为室内定位及其他扩频应用提供参考。
摘要：
在室内环境中确定目标的物理坐标仍然是许多应用的关键因素，包括人员与机器人导航、用户跟踪、基于位置的广告、增强现实、游戏、应急响应或环境辅助生活环境。在室内定位的各种可能性中，声学定位系统（ALPS）具有厘米级定位精度和数十米覆盖距离的潜力。此外，声学换能器体积小、成本低且可靠，这得益于这些机械波在室内受限的传播特性。波形设计（编码和调制）通常被纳入这些系统，以方便接收端对发射信号的检测。发射信号的非周期相关特性对ALPS应对常见损伤因素（如多径传播、多址干扰、多普勒频移、近远效应或环境噪声）的能力有很大影响。本工作分析了文献中ALPS最 promising 的三类编码：Kasami码、Zadoff-Chu和正交Chirp信号。这些编码的性能通过到达时间精度进行评估，并通过在现实条件下的模型仿真和受控环境中的实验测试进行表征。本研究的结果对其他基于扩频序列的应用，如水下声学系统、超声成像甚至码分多址（CDMA）通信系统，可能具有参考价值。
英文摘要：
The task of determining the physical coordinates of a target in indoor environments is still a key factor for many applications including people and robot navigation, user tracking, location-based advertising, augmented reality, gaming, emergency response or ambient assisted living environments. Among the different possibilities for indoor positioning, Acoustic Local Positioning Systems (ALPS) have the potential for centimeter level positioning accuracy with coverage distances up to tens of meters. In addition, acoustic transducers are small, low cost and reliable thanks to the room constrained propagation of these mechanical waves. Waveform design (coding and modulation) is usually incorporated into these systems to facilitate the detection of the transmitted signals at the receiver. The aperiodic correlation properties of the emitted signals have a large impact on how the ALPS cope with common impairment factors such as multipath propagation, multiple access interference, Doppler shifting, near-far effect or ambient noise. This work analyzes three of the most promising families of codes found in the literature for ALPS: Kasami codes, Zadoff-Chu and Orthogonal Chirp signals. The performance of these codes is evaluated in terms of time of arrival accuracy and characterized by means of model simulation under realistic conditions and by means of experimental tests in controlled environments. The results derived from this study can be of interest for other applications based on spreading sequences, such as underwater acoustic systems, ultrasonic imaging or even Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communications systems.
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