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arXiv 2402.02191q-bio.NC
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脑功能活动流模型的解释力

The explanatory power of activity flow models of brain function

Michael W. Cole

AI总结:

本文综述了活动流模型,它结合连接组与任务诱发活动,模拟激活生成,提供神经认知功能的机械性解释,优于纯预测模型,并展望其在脑疾病治疗中的应用。

摘要:

近年来,通过绘制大脑连接图谱,神经科学取得了巨大进展,这补充了关于任务诱发脑激活模式的广泛知识。然而,尽管有证据表明它们相关,这些连接性和活动性的研究路线大多独立发展。在此,我回顾了将连接性和任务诱发活动估计结合到活动流模型中的显著生产力和未来前景。这些数据驱动的计算模型模拟了任务诱发激活(包括与行为相关的激活)的产生,基于任务诱发活动在经验性大脑连接上的流动,提供了对神经认知功能起源的经验支持的解释。关键的是,通过纳入因果原则和来自大脑数据的广泛经验约束,这种方法可以提供比纯粹预测性(而非解释性)模型或主要针对任务性能优化的模型(例如标准人工神经网络)更机械性的神经认知现象解释。本文涵盖了迄今为止报道的各种基于活动流的解释,以及发现新的基于活动流的解释时的重要方法论和理论考虑。总之,这些考虑说明了活动流建模对神经科学未来以及最终对脑疾病新型临床治疗(例如使用脑刺激)发展的前景。

英文摘要:

Tremendous neuroscientific progress has recently been made by mapping brain connectivity, complementing extensive knowledge of task-evoked brain activation patterns. However, despite evidence that they are related, these connectivity and activity lines of research have mostly progressed separately. Here I review the notable productivity and future promise of combining connectivity and task-evoked activity estimates into activity flow models. These data-driven computational models simulate the generation of task-evoked activations (including those linked to behavior), producing empirically-supported explanations of the origin of neurocognitive functions based on the flow of task-evoked activity over empirical brain connections. Critically, by incorporating causal principles and extensive empirical constraints from brain data, this approach can provide more mechanistic accounts of neurocognitive phenomena than purely predictive (as opposed to explanatory) models or models optimized primarily for task performance (e.g., standard artificial neural networks). The variety of activity-flow-based explanations reported so far are covered here along with important methodological and theoretical considerations when discovering new activity-flow-based explanations. Together, these considerations illustrate the promise of activity flow modeling for the future of neuroscience and ultimately for the development of novel clinical treatments (e.g., using brain stimulation) for brain disorders.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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