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arXiv 2402.01985eess.SYcs.SY
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自动驾驶按需出行系统最优调度与再平衡的离散时间动力学模型

A Discrete-time Dynamical Model for Optimal Dispatching and Rebalancing of Autonomous Mobility-on-Demand Systems

Ali Aalipour, Alireza Khani

AI总结:

本文提出一种基于图论和线性离散时间模型的自动驾驶按需出行系统最优调度与再平衡方法,利用模型预测控制求解,并在实际案例中验证其优于现有算法。

摘要:

自动驾驶汽车正在快速发展,即将实现大规模按需出行(MoD)系统的应用。管理可用车辆车队(通常称为“再平衡”)对于确保车辆合理分布以满足客户需求至关重要。本文提出了一种最优控制方法,用于优化自动驾驶按需出行(AMoD)系统中的车辆调度与再平衡。我们利用图论将城市划分为虚拟区域进行建模。区域代表城市中车辆可以停靠并接送乘客的小范围区域,而链路则代表自动驾驶车辆可以行驶的城市走廊。它们被视为图中的顶点和边。AMoD方案中使用的车辆是自动驾驶的,再平衡可以通过将可用的空车调度到供应不足的区域来执行。再平衡在图上的顶点之间进行,即城市区域之间。我们利用变换后的网络提出了AMoD系统的线性离散时间模型。在获得模型后,通过优化问题推导出AMoD模型所需的再平衡车辆数量。此外,还说明了模型的适定性。为利用所提出的模型,我们实现了模型预测控制(MPC)框架,以找到最优的再平衡和调度策略。我们展示了MPC的有效性,以及如何在实际案例研究中实时实现MPC框架。数值结果表明,具有线性成本函数和线性参考(MPC跟踪该参考)的MPC是有效的,在所有评估标准上均优于其他基于MPC的算法和现有最先进算法。

英文摘要:

Autonomous vehicles are rapidly evolving and will soon enable the application of large-scale mobility-on-demand (MoD) systems. Managing the fleets of available vehicles, commonly known as "rebalancing," is crucial to ensure that vehicles are distributed properly to meet customer demands. This paper presents an optimal control approach to optimize vehicle scheduling and rebalancing in an autonomous mobility-on-demand (AMoD) system. We use graph theory to model a city partitioned into virtual zones. Zones represent small areas of the city where vehicles can stop and pick up/drop off customers, whereas links denote corridors of the city along which autonomous vehicles can move. They are considered vertices and edges in the graph. Vehicles employed in the AMoD scheme are autonomous, and rebalancing can be executed by dispatching available empty vehicles to areas undersupplied. Rebalancing is performed on the graph's vertices, i.e., between city areas. We propose a linear, discrete-time model of an AMoD system using a transformed network. After acquiring the model, the desired number of rebalancing vehicles for the AMoD model is derived through an optimization problem. Moreover, the well-posedness of the model is illustrated. To leverage the proposed model, we implemented the model predictive control (MPC) framework to find the optimal rebalancing and scheduling policy. We show the MPC's effectiveness and how the MPC framework can be implemented in real-time for a real-world case study. The numerical results show that the MPC with a linear cost function and linear reference, which it tracks, is effective, outperforming other MPC-based and state-of-the-art algorithms across all evaluation criteria.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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