现代电力系统中的偶发事件检测：一种随机混合系统方法
Contingency Detection in Modern Power Systems: A Stochastic Hybrid System Method
AI总结：
本文提出一种基于随机混合系统（SHS）的框架，通过将物理电网转化为虚拟线性化状态空间模型，将偶发事件检测转化为离散事件与连续状态的联合估计问题，实现了利用通用测量信号对现代电力系统中故障的高效检测。
摘要：
本文为现代电力系统（MPS）中的偶发事件检测引入了一种新的随机混合系统（SHS）框架。该框架在状态空间模型中使用随机混合系统表示，以扩展并提升偶发事件检测的能力。在典型的微电网（MGs）中，母线可能包含各种同步发电机、可再生能源发电机、可控负载、电池系统、常规负载等。为了在电力系统中开发SHS模型，本文引入了动态母线与非动态母线的概念。通过将物理电网转化为虚拟线性化状态空间模型，并将偶发事件表示为系统结构和参数的随机切换，本文将偶发事件检测问题表述为随机混合系统中离散事件与连续状态的联合估计问题。该方法具有独特优势，包括利用电压和电流同步相量的通用测量信号来检测不同类型和位置的偶发事件，避免了昂贵的本地直接故障测量，并能检测某些无法直接测量的偶发事件。该方法采用一个微小且设计合理的探测信号，以维持持续偶发事件检测的能力。文中给出了联合估计算法，并证明了其收敛性和可靠性。使用IEEE 5母线系统的示例展示了主要思想和推导步骤。在IEEE 33母线系统上的仿真案例研究用于检测输电线路故障和传感器中断。
英文摘要：
This paper introduces a new stochastic hybrid system (SHS) framework for contingency detection in modern power systems (MPS). The framework uses stochastic hybrid system representations in state space models to expand and facilitate capability of contingency detection. In typical microgrids (MGs), buses may contain various synchronous generators, renewable generators, controllable loads, battery systems, regular loads, etc. For development of SHS models in power systems, this paper introduces the concept of dynamic and non-dynamic buses. By converting a physical power grid into a virtual linearized state space model and representing contingencies as random switching of system structures and parameters, this paper formulates the contingency detection problem as a joint estimation problem of discrete event and continuous states in stochastic hybrid systems. This method offers unique advantages, including using common measurement signals on voltage and current synchrophasors to detect different types and locations of contingencies, avoiding expensive local direct fault measurements and detecting certain contingencies that cannot be directly measured. The method employs a small and suitably-designed probing signal to sustain the ability of persistent contingency detection. Joint estimation algorithms are presented with their proven convergence and reliability properties. Examples that use an IEEE 5-bus system demonstrate the main ideas and derivation steps. Simulation case studies on an IEEE 33-bus system are used for detecting transmission line faults and sensor interruptions.
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