20世纪30年代交换力概念的发展：欧洲与日本的密切交流及核理论的诞生
The development of the concept of exchange forces in the 1930s: close encounters between Europe and Japan and the birth of nuclear theory
AI总结：
本文梳理量子物理中交换力概念从海森堡1926年开创性工作到核物理发展的历史脉络，重点聚焦20世纪30年代日本科学家汤川秀树、朝永振一郎的决定性贡献，分析二人成果及互动并关联欧洲物理学家的相关研究。
摘要：
本文从历史角度重构了量子物理学中交换力概念的起源与发展脉络，研究始于海森堡1926年的开创性贡献，梳理了核物理学领域的重大进展——正是这些进展催生了力由虚量子介导的构想。尽管此类研究大多在欧洲开展，但这条漫长发展道路上最终的决定性工作是由20世纪30年代的日本科学家完成的。这正是本研究的核心焦点：本文回溯了汤川秀树（Yukawa）与朝永振一郎（Tomonaga）的研究成果，仔细分析了二人的研究成果与学术互动，并将其与欧洲物理学家的相关工作关联起来。
英文摘要：
The onset and the development of the concept of exchange force in quantum physics are historically reconstructed, starting from Heisenberg's seminal contributions in 1926 and going through the great developments in nuclear physics, which allowed the emergence of the idea of force mediating virtual quanta. Although most of such work was performed in Europe, the last and decisive effort in this long path was carried out by Japanese scientists in the 1930s. This is the main focus of the present work, which retraces the achievements of Yukawa and Tomonaga, whose results and mutual interactions are carefully analyzed and related to those of European physicists.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
