arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2401.17606cs.CR
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十面埋伏:理解开源软件CI/CD流水线中的安全威胁

Ambush from All Sides: Understanding Security Threats in Open-Source Software CI/CD Pipelines

Ziyue Pan, Wenbo Shen, Xingkai Wang, Yutian Yang, Rui Chang, Yao Liu, Chengwei Liu, Yang Liu, Kui Ren

AI总结:

该研究针对开源软件CI/CD流水线攻击面认知不足的问题,通过大规模测量32万余GitHub仓库、系统分析威胁模型并开展真实攻击案例验证,揭示其安全风险并提出缓解建议。

摘要:

持续集成与持续部署(CI/CD)流水线在GitHub等互联网托管平台上得到广泛应用。随着其普及,CI/CD流水线面临着各类安全威胁。但当前的CI/CD流水线存在恶意代码与严重漏洞的问题。更糟糕的是,人们尚未充分认识到它的攻击面及相应影响。\n 因此,本文开展了大规模测量与系统分析,以揭示CI/CD流水线的攻击面并量化其安全影响。具体而言,在测量方面,我们收集了包含32万余个配置了CI/CD流水线的GitHub仓库的数据集,并构建了一款分析工具来解析CI/CD流水线、提取安全关键用法。此外,当前CI/CD生态系统严重依赖若干核心脚本,这可能导致单点故障。而CI/CD流水线包含敏感信息与操作,使其成为攻击者的首选目标。\n 受测量发现的启发,我们提炼出针对CI/CD流水线的威胁模型与攻击方法,随后系统分析了攻击面、攻击策略及相应影响。我们进一步在真实世界CI/CD环境中针对5种攻击开展了案例研究,以验证所揭示的攻击面。最后,我们提出了缓解CI/CD脚本攻击的建议,包括加固CI/CD配置、加固CI/CD脚本以及改进CI/CD基础设施。

英文摘要:

The continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines are widely adopted on Internet hosting platforms, such as GitHub. With the popularity, the CI/CD pipeline faces various security threats. However, current CI/CD pipelines suffer from malicious code and severe vulnerabilities. Even worse, people have not been fully aware of its attack surfaces and the corresponding impacts. Therefore, in this paper, we conduct a large-scale measurement and a systematic analysis to reveal the attack surfaces of the CI/CD pipeline and quantify their security impacts. Specifically, for the measurement, we collect a data set of 320,000+ CI/CD pipeline-configured GitHub repositories and build an analysis tool to parse the CI/CD pipelines and extract security-critical usages. Besides, current CI/CD ecosystem heavily relies on several core scripts, which may lead to a single point of failure. While the CI/CD pipelines contain sensitive information/operations, making them the attacker's favorite targets. Inspired by the measurement findings, we abstract the threat model and the attack approach toward CI/CD pipelines, followed by a systematic analysis of attack surfaces, attack strategies, and the corresponding impacts. We further launch case studies on five attacks in real-world CI/CD environments to validate the revealed attack surfaces. Finally, we give suggestions on mitigating attacks on CI/CD scripts, including securing CI/CD configurations, securing CI/CD scripts, and improving CI/CD infrastructure.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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