生物光子：一个难题
Biophotons: A Hard Problem
AI总结：
本文综述了生物光子的研究背景与现存争议，介绍了团队针对发芽种子生物光子的实验工作、分析方法及提升信噪比的思路，为构建该现象的解释模型、阐明其生物功能提供支撑。
摘要：
约一百年前，俄罗斯生物学家A. Gurwitsch通过对洋葱植株生长速率的测量实验提出假说：植物会释放一种弱电磁场，该场会以某种方式影响细胞生长。这一有趣的发现在科学界长期被基本忽视，直到20世纪50年代，才有人采用单计数模式的光电倍增管测量到了部分植物的电磁辐射。20世纪80年代，全球多个研究团队开展了大量工作，以探究这种来自活生物体的超弱辐射（即生物光子）的来源与作用。生物光子是细胞及生物体内、由其产生的可见能量范围内的内源性极少量光子，这种辐射是活生物体的特征。如今，生物光子的存在已毋庸置疑——多个研究团队已在从人类到细菌的多种不同活生物体上测得了这种辐射。但与之相对的是，生物光子的来源、以及生物体是否以某种方式利用其进行信息交换，目前仍不明确；迄今提出的所有模型都无法真正复现并解释已测量的多种不同生命系统产生的各类实验数据。在这篇简短综述中，我们介绍了团队针对发芽种子产生的生物光子开展的实验工作、主要实验结果，以及我们用于分析数据的若干方法，旨在为该现象的解释模型搭建基础，阐明其在细胞及活生物体间的调控与通讯中的功能。我们还讨论了提升测量信号信噪比的一些思路，以开辟新的实验可能，实现对目前无法测量的物理量的检测与表征。
英文摘要：
About a hundred years ago the Russian biologist A. Gurwitsch, based on his experiments with onion plants by measuring their growth rate, made the hypothesis that plants emitted a weak electromagnetic field which somehow influenced cell growth. This interesting observation remained fundamentally ignored by the scientific community and only in the 1950s the electromagnetic emission from some plants was measured using a photomultiplier used in single counting mode. Later, in the 80s several groups in the world started some extensive work to understand the origin and role of this ultra-weak emission, hereby called biophotons, coming from living organisms. Biophotons are an endogenous very small production of photons in the visible energy range in and from cells and organism, and this emission is characteristic of alive organisms. Today there is no doubt that biophotons really exist, this emission has in fact been measured by many groups and on many different living organisms, from humans to bacteria. On the contrary, the origin of biophotons and whether organisms use them in some way to exchange information is not yet well known; no model proposed since now is really capable of reproducing and interpreting the great variety of experimental data coming from the many different living systems measured so far. In this brief review we present our experimental work on biophotons coming from germinating seeds, the main experimental results and some methods we are using to analyze the data in order to open the door for interpretative models of this phenomenon and clarifying its function in the regulation and communication between cells and living organisms. We also discuss some ideas on how to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured signal to have new experimental possibilities that allow the measurement and the characterization of currently unmeasurable quantities.
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