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arXiv 2401.16631quant-phcond-mat.dis-nncond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-el
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混合量子电路中噪声诱导的相变

Noise-induced phase transitions in hybrid quantum circuits

Shuo Liu, Ming-Rui Li, Shi-Xin Zhang, Shao-Kai Jian, Hong Yao

AI总结:

本文研究混合量子电路中尺寸依赖量子噪声对纠缠相变的影响,发现当噪声概率满足 $q=p/L^α$ 且 $α=1$ 时会出现一阶噪声诱导纠缠相变,并揭示其与噪声诱导编码相变的统一解析图像。

摘要:

真实物理系统固有的量子噪声会强烈影响具有局域随机幺正操作和电路中间测量的混合量子电路的物理性质。发生概率与系统尺寸无关的量子噪声会导致测量诱导的纠缠相变消失,并出现单一的面积律相。在本工作中,我们研究了发生概率具有尺寸依赖形式 $q=p/L^α$ 的量子噪声的影响,其中 $α$ 表示标度指数。我们发现在 $α=1$ 时,随着 $p$ 增大,在存在(不存在)测量的情况下会出现一个噪声诱导的纠缠相变,从体积律转变为幂律(面积律)。借助一个有效的统计模型,我们揭示了该相变是一阶相变,源于两类自旋构型之间的竞争,并与噪声诱导的编码相变具有相同的解析理解。这一统一图像进一步加深了对纠缠行为与信息保护能力之间联系的理解。当 $α\ eq 1$ 时,无论 $p$ 如何,总有一类自旋构型占主导,因此相变消失。此外,我们强调了尺寸依赖的体噪声与边界噪声影响之间的差异。我们利用稳定子电路模拟的大量数值结果验证了我们的解析预测。

英文摘要:

The presence of quantum noises inherent to real physical systems can strongly impact the physics in hybrid quantum circuits with local random unitaries and mid-circuit measurements. The quantum noises with a size-independent occurring probability can lead to the disappearance of a measurement-induced entanglement phase transition and the emergence of a single area-law phase. In this work, we investigate the effects of quantum noises with size-dependent probabilities $q=p/L^α$ where $α$ represents the scaling exponent. We have identified a noise-induced entanglement phase transition from a volume law to a power (area) law in the presence (absence) of measurements as $p$ increases when $α=1$. With the help of an effective statistical model, we reveal that the phase transition is of first-order arising from the competition between two types of spin configurations and shares the same analytical understanding as the noise-induced coding transition. This unified picture further deepens the understanding of the connection between entanglement behavior and the capacity of information protection. When $α\neq 1$, one spin configuration always dominates regardless of $p$ and thus the phase transition disappears. Moreover, we highlight the difference between the effects of size-dependent bulk noise and boundary noises. We validate our analytical predictions with extensive numerical results from stabilizer circuit simulations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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