arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2401.14554cs.ROmath.OC
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GCBF+:一种用于分布式安全多智能体控制的神经图控制屏障函数框架

GCBF+: A Neural Graph Control Barrier Function Framework for Distributed Safe Multi-Agent Control

Songyuan Zhang, Oswin So, Kunal Garg, Chuchu Fan

AI总结:

本文提出GCBF+框架,利用图神经网络参数化图控制屏障函数与分布式策略,实现大规模多智能体系统仅依赖局部信息的安全控制,并在无人机集群及数值实验中显著优于现有方法。

摘要:

大规模多智能体系统的分布式、可扩展且安全的控制是一个具有挑战性的问题。本文设计了一个用于在含障碍物的大规模环境中进行安全多智能体控制的分布式框架,其中大量智能体需要仅利用局部信息保持安全并到达其目标位置。我们引入一类新的证书,称为图控制屏障函数(graph control barrier function, GCBF),它基于成熟的控制屏障函数理论以保证安全性,并利用图结构实现多智能体系统(MAS)的可扩展和可泛化的分布式控制。我们建立了一个新的理论框架,以证明使用单个GCBF的任意规模MAS的安全性。我们提出了一种新的训练框架GCBF+,该框架使用图神经网络来参数化候选GCBF和分布式控制策略。所提出的框架是分布式的,并且能够从LiDAR获取点云而非实际状态信息,用于真实世界的机器人应用。我们通过在一群无人机上进行的各种硬件实验说明了所提方法的有效性,实验目标包括交换位置到无碰撞地对接移动目标。此外,我们进行了大量数值实验,其中智能体的数量和密度以及障碍物的数量不断增加。经验结果表明,在具有非线性动力学智能体(例如Crazyflie无人机)的复杂环境中,对于最多包含256个智能体的相对小规模MAS,GCBF+的性能比手工设计的基于CBF的方法高出最多20%,对于包含1024个智能体的MAS,比领先的强化学习(RL)方法高出最多40%。此外,所提方法在实现高安全率的同时不会牺牲目标到达方面的性能,而这在基于RL的方法中是一种常见的权衡。

英文摘要:

Distributed, scalable, and safe control of large-scale multi-agent systems is a challenging problem. In this paper, we design a distributed framework for safe multi-agent control in large-scale environments with obstacles, where a large number of agents are required to maintain safety using only local information and reach their goal locations. We introduce a new class of certificates, termed graph control barrier function (GCBF), which are based on the well-established control barrier function theory for safety guarantees and utilize a graph structure for scalable and generalizable distributed control of MAS. We develop a novel theoretical framework to prove the safety of an arbitrary-sized MAS with a single GCBF. We propose a new training framework GCBF+ that uses graph neural networks to parameterize a candidate GCBF and a distributed control policy. The proposed framework is distributed and is capable of taking point clouds from LiDAR, instead of actual state information, for real-world robotic applications. We illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method through various hardware experiments on a swarm of drones with objectives ranging from exchanging positions to docking on a moving target without collision. Additionally, we perform extensive numerical experiments, where the number and density of agents, as well as the number of obstacles, increase. Empirical results show that in complex environments with agents with nonlinear dynamics (e.g., Crazyflie drones), GCBF+ outperforms the hand-crafted CBF-based method with the best performance by up to 20% for relatively small-scale MAS with up to 256 agents, and leading reinforcement learning (RL) methods by up to 40% for MAS with 1024 agents. Furthermore, the proposed method does not compromise on the performance, in terms of goal reaching, for achieving high safety rates, which is a common trade-off in RL-based methods.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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