在车联网中实现无缝的数据安全、共识与交易
Enabling Seamless Data Security, Consensus, and Trading in Vehicular Networks
AI总结：
针对车联网在数据安全、共识与服务交易上的集中化和安全挑战，论文提出可与标准ITS协议无缝集成的轻量级VEE扩展，并通过硬件在环实验验证其可行性与效率。
摘要：
协同驾驶是一种新兴范式，旨在提升自动驾驶车辆的安全性与效率。为确保合作成功，道路使用者必须就集体决策达成共识，同时记录车辆数据，以分析并解决与此类协议相关的故障。这些数据有可能为各类车辆事件提供有价值的洞察，并可能改进问责措施。此外，车辆若能够在彼此之间协商和交易服务，也将从中受益，从而为协同驾驶框架增加价值。然而，大多数旨在确保数据安全、共识或服务交易的已提出系统，都缺乏高效且经过充分验证、并考虑车联网独特特征的机制。对基础设施所提供集中式支持的依赖进一步放大了这些局限。此外，相应机制必须审慎处理安全问题，尤其是潜在恶意或行为不端节点相关问题，同时还要考虑无线介质的固有约束。我们提出了 Verifiable Event Extension（VEE，可验证事件扩展），这是一种为 Intelligent Transportation System（ITS，智能交通系统）消息设计的应用层扩展。VEE 可与任何现有标准化车载通信协议无缝协作，以最小开销处理数据安全、共识和交易的关键方面。为此，我们采用区块链技术、Byzantine fault tolerance（BFT，拜占庭容错）共识协议以及基于加密货币的机制。为评估所提方案的可行性和轻量性，我们采用硬件在环装置进行分析。实验结果表明，VEE 扩展在克服无线车载通信的分布式和机会性本质所带来挑战方面具有可行性和高效性。
英文摘要：
Cooperative driving is an emerging paradigm to enhance the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles. To ensure successful cooperation, road users must reach a consensus for making collective decisions, while recording vehicular data to analyze and address failures related to such agreements. This data has the potential to provide valuable insights into various vehicular events, while also potentially improving accountability measures. Furthermore, vehicles may benefit from the ability to negotiate and trade services among themselves, adding value to the cooperative driving framework. However, the majority of proposed systems aiming to ensure data security, consensus, or service trading, lack efficient and thoroughly validated mechanisms that consider the distinctive characteristics of vehicular networks. These limitations are amplified by a dependency on the centralized support provided by the infrastructure. Furthermore, corresponding mechanisms must diligently address security concerns, especially regarding potential malicious or misbehaving nodes, while also considering inherent constraints of the wireless medium. We introduce the Verifiable Event Extension (VEE), an applicational extension designed for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) messages. The VEE operates seamlessly with any existing standardized vehicular communications protocol, addressing crucial aspects of data security, consensus, and trading with minimal overhead. To achieve this, we employ blockchain techniques, Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) consensus protocols, and cryptocurrency-based mechanics. To assess our proposal's feasibility and lightweight nature, we employed a hardware-in-the-loop setup for analysis. Experimental results demonstrate the viability and efficiency of the VEE extension in overcoming the challenges posed by the distributed and opportunistic nature of wireless vehicular communications.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
