从纯数学到宏观尺度应用：Schwarzites 的起源
From Pure Mathematics to Macroscale Applications: The Genesis of Schwarzites
AI总结：
本文综述了 Schwarzites 从数学概念到碳纳米材料再到 3D 打印宏观应用的发展历程，系统总结其结构、电子、热学和力学性质，并讨论合成进展与实际应用前景。
摘要：
Schwarzites 是具有负高斯曲率的多孔（海绵状）碳同素异形体。它们由 Mackay 和 Terrones 受德国数学家 Hermann Schwarz 关于 Triply-Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) 的工作启发而提出。本综述介绍并讨论了 schwarzites 的历史及其在弯曲碳纳米材料中的地位。我们总结了文献中关于 schwarzites 的主要工作。我们讨论了它们独特的结构、电子、热学和力学性质。尽管碳基 schwarzites 的合成仍然难以实现，但近年来 zeolite-templates 纳米材料合成方面的进展使它们更接近现实。基于原子模型的 schwarzites 已被转化为宏观尺度模型并进行了 3D 打印。这些 3D 打印模型已在许多实际应用中得到利用，包括水修复和生物医学应用。
英文摘要：
Schwarzites are porous (spongy-like) carbon allotropes with negative Gaussian curvatures. They were proposed by Mackay and Terrones inspired by the works of the German mathematician Hermann Schwarz on Triply-Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS). This review presents and discusses the history of schwarzites and their place among curved carbon nanomaterials. We summarized the main works on schwarzites available in the literature. We discuss their unique structural, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Although the synthesis of carbon-based schwarzites remains elusive, the recent advances in the synthesis of zeolite-templates nanomaterials bring them closer to reality. Atomic-based models of schwarzites have been translated into macroscale ones that have been 3D printed. These 3D printed models have been exploited in many real-world applications, including water remediation and biomedical ones.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
