JWST/NIRCam Transmission Spectroscopy of the Nearby Sub-Earth GJ 341b
James Kirk, Kevin B. Stevenson, Guangwei Fu, Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Sarah E. Moran, Sarah Peacock, Munazza K. Alam, Natasha E. Batalha, Katherine A. Bennett, June… 展开作者
James Kirk, Kevin B. Stevenson, Guangwei Fu, Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Sarah E. Moran, Sarah Peacock, Munazza K. Alam, Natasha E. Batalha, Katherine A. Bennett, Junellie Gonzalez-Quiles, Mercedes López-Morales, Joshua D. Lothringer, Ryan J. MacDonald, E. M. May, L. C. Mayorga, Zafar Rustamkulov, David K. Sing, Kristin S. Sotzen, Jeff A. Valenti, Hannah R. Wakeford
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25 pages, 18 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in AJ
We present a JWST/NIRCam transmission spectrum from $3.9-5.0$ $μ$m of the recently-validated sub-Earth GJ 341b ($\mathrm{R_P} = 0.92$ $\mathrm{R_{\oplus}}$, $\mathrm{T_{eq}} = 540$ K) orbiting a nearby bright M1 star ($\mathrm{d} = 10.4$ pc, $\mathrm{K_{mag}}=5.6$). We use three independent pipelines to reduce the data from the three JWST visits and perform several tests to check for the significance of an atmosphere. Overall, our analysis does not uncover evidence of an atmosphere. Our null hypothesis tests find that none of our pipelines' transmission spectra can rule out a flat line, although there is weak evidence for a Gaussian feature in two spectra from different pipelines (at 2.3 and $2.9σ$). However, the candidate features are seen at different wavelengths (4.3 $μ$m vs 4.7 $μ$m), and our retrieval analysis finds that different gas species can explain these features in the two reductions (CO$_2$ at $3.1σ$ compared to O$_3$ at $2.9σ$), suggesting that they are not real astrophysical signals. Our forward model analysis rules out a low mean molecular weight atmosphere ($< 350\times$ solar metallicity) to at least $3σ$, and disfavors CH$_4$-dominated atmospheres at $1-3σ$, depending on the reduction. Instead, the forward models find our transmission spectra are consistent with no atmosphere, a hazy atmosphere, or an atmosphere containing a species that does not have prominent molecular bands across the NIRCam/F444W bandpass, such as a water-dominated atmosphere. Our results demonstrate the unequivocal need for two or more transit observations analyzed with multiple reduction pipelines, alongside rigorous statistical tests, to determine the robustness of molecular detections for small exoplanet atmospheres.
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Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh（苏格兰大学物理联盟爱丁堡大学天文研究所）；Centre for Exoplanet Science, University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学系外行星科学中心）；UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh（英国天文学技术中心爱丁堡皇家天文台）；Eureka Scientific Inc.（尤里卡科学公司）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学物理与天文系）
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University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所）；Université Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸大学）；Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸天文台）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Laboratoire Lagrange（拉格朗日实验室）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）
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University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；University of Zürich（苏黎世大学）
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University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）；University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）；NASA-GSFC（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA-GSFC（NASA-GSFC空间科学与技术研究探索中心）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin（都柏林三一学院，都柏林大学）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）
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