活性马达-丝状体系统中的超分子组装体：胶束、双层和泡沫
Supramolecular assemblies in active motor-filament systems: micelles, bilayers, and foams
AI总结：
本文建立马达-丝状体活性物质的微观模型并推导连续介质方程，揭示胶束、双层和泡沫的形成及分支与指状不稳定性机制。
摘要：
活性物质系统能够摆脱热平衡的约束，从而产生引人注目的集体行为。一个典型例子是马达-丝状体混合物，其中马达蛋白的运动驱动丝状体之间的排列和滑动相互作用，并促使其自组织形成宏观结构。在为这些系统定义了一个微观模型之后，我们推导了连续介质方程，展示了活性超分子组装体（如胶束、双层和泡沫）的形成。这些结构之间的转变由分支不稳定性驱动，该不稳定性破坏胶束内部取向序的稳定，导致在高微管蛋白密度下双层结构生长。此外，我们识别出一种指状不稳定性，它在高马达蛋白密度下调制胶束界面的形状。我们研究了收缩性、活性展曲和锚定等多种机制在这两种不稳定性中的作用，从而使结论能够推广到此处所考虑系统之外。
英文摘要：
Active matter systems evade the constraints of thermal equilibrium, leading to the emergence of intriguing collective behavior. A paradigmatic example is given by motor-filament mixtures, where the motion of motor proteins drives alignment and sliding interactions between filaments and their self-organization into macroscopic structures. After defining a microscopic model for these systems, we derive continuum equations, exhibiting the formation of active supramolecular assemblies such as micelles, bilayers and foams. The transition between these structures is driven by a branching instability, which destabilizes the orientational order within the micelles, leading to the growth of bilayers at high microtubule densities. Additionally, we identify a fingering instability, modulating the shape of the micelle interface at high motor densities. We study the role of various mechanisms in these two instabilities, such as contractility, active splay, and anchoring, allowing for generalization beyond the system considered here.
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