arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2401.03992astro-ph.HE
收藏

耀变体S4 0954+658的光学和射电变异性

Optical and Radio Variability of the Blazar S4 0954+658

V. V. Vlasyuk, Yu. V. Sotnikova, A. E. Volvach, O. I. Spiridonova, V. A. Stolyarov, A. G. Mikhailov, Yu. A. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, M. L. Khabibullina, M. A. Kh… 展开作者

V. V. Vlasyuk, Yu. V. Sotnikova, A. E. Volvach, O. I. Spiridonova, V. A. Stolyarov, A. G. Mikhailov, Yu. A. Kovalev, Y. Y. Kovalev, M. L. Khabibullina, M. A. Kharinov, L. Yang, M. G. Mingaliev, T. A. Semenova, P. G. Zhekanis, T. V. Mufakharov, R. Yu. Udovitskiy, A. A. Kudryashova, L. N. Volvach, A. K. Erkenov, A. S. Moskvitin, E. V. Emelianov, T. A. Fatkhullin, P. G. Tsybulev, N. A. Nizhelsky, G. V. Zhekanis, E. V. Kravchenko

AI总结:

该研究通过多波段观测揭示了耀变体S4 0954+658在1998-2023年间的极端活动性,发现射电与光学耀斑的时标差异及多波段相关性,并建模表明其射电辐射可能由相对论性质子产生。

摘要:

我们呈现了BL Lac天体S4 0954+658在1998-2023年间观测的光学至射电波段研究。测量数据来自2003-2023年间SAO RAS的Zeiss-1000 1米和AS-500/2 0.5米望远镜,1998-2023年间RATAN-600射电望远镜在1.25(0.96,1.1)、2.3、4.7(3.7,3.9)、8.2(7.7)、11.2、22.3(21.7)GHz频段的观测,2020-2023年间IAA RAS的RT-32 Zelenchukskaya和Badary望远镜在5.05和8.63 GHz频段的观测,以及2009-2023年间CrAO RAS的RT-22单碟望远镜在36.8 GHz频段的观测。在此期间,该耀变体表现出极高的宽带活动性,在光学和射电波段流量密度的变幅高达70-100%。在2014-2023年间,该耀变体在射电波长上表现出历史最高的活动性,我们探测到了多次幅度和持续时间各异的射电耀斑。大耀斑在22-36.8 GHz频段平均持续0.3至1年,在5-11.2 GHz频段持续时间稍长。光学耀斑较短,持续7-50天。在2018-2023年最活跃时期,5-22 GHz频段变化的特征时间尺度τ约为100天,而在2009-2014年活动性较低的时期约为1000天。我们发现光学、射电和γ射线流量变化之间存在普遍相关性,这表明我们观测到的是来自不同发射区域的同一光子群体。我们估计该区域在不同时期的线性大小为0.5-2秒差距。我们使用电子和质子作为发射粒子,对S4 0954+658喷流的宽带双分量射电频谱进行了建模。结果表明,该活动星系核中的同步辐射射电波可能由相对论性质子产生。

英文摘要:

We present an optical-to-radio study of the BL Lac object S4 0954+658 observations during 1998-2023. The measurements were obtained with the SAO RAS Zeiss-1000 1-m and AS-500/2 0.5-m telescopes in 2003-2023, with the RATAN-600 radio telescope at 1.25 (0.96, 1.1), 2.3, 4.7 (3.7, 3.9), 8.2 (7.7), 11.2, 22.3 (21.7) GHz in 1998-2023, with the IAA RAS RT-32 Zelenchukskaya and Badary telescopes at 5.05 and 8.63 GHz in 2020--2023, and with the RT-22 single-dish telescope of CrAO RAS at 36.8 GHz in 2009-2023. In this period the blazar had been showing extremely high broadband activity with the variability amplitude of flux densities up to 70-100% both in the optical and radio domains. In the period of 2014-2023 the blazar had been showing the historically highest activity in the radio wavelengths, and we detected multiple radio flares of varying amplitude and duration. The large flares last on average from 0.3 to 1 year at 22-36.8 GHz and slightly longer at 5-11.2 GHz. The optical flares are shorter and last 7-50 days. In the most active epoch of 2018-2023 the characteristic time scale $τ$ of variation at 5-22 GHz is about 100 days and about 1000 days for the state with lower activity in 2009-2014. We found a general correlation between the optical, radio, and $γ$-ray flux variations, which suggests that we observe the same photon population from different emission regions. We estimated linear size of this region as 0.5-2 pc for different epochs. A broadband two components radio spectrum of S4 0954+658 jet was modelled by using both electrons and protons as emitting particles. It is shown that the synchrotron radio waves in this AGN may be generated by relativistic protons.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑