JWST discovers an AGN ionization cone but only weak radiative-driven feedback in a powerful $z$$\approx$3.5 radio-loud AGN
Wuji Wang, Dominika Wylezalek, Carlos De Breuck, Joël Vernet, David S. N. Rupke, Nadia L. Zakamska, Andrey Vayner, Matthew D. Lehnert, Nicole P. H. Nesvadba, Daniel Stern
备注：
Accept for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 10 pages and 5 figures in main text
We present the first results from a JWST program studying the role played by powerful radio jets in the evolution of the most massive galaxies at the onset of Cosmic Noon. Using NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy, we detect 24 rest-frame optical emission lines from the $z=3.5892$ radio galaxy 4C+19.71. 4C+19.71 contains one of the most energetic radio jets known, making it perfect for testing radio-mode feedback on the interstellar medium (ISM) of a $M_{\star}\sim10^{11}\,\rm M_{\odot}$ galaxy. The rich spectrum enables line ratio diagnostics showing that the radiation from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) dominates the ionization of the entire ISM out to at least $25\,$kpc, the edge of the detection. Sub-kpc resolution reveals filamentary structures and emission blobs in the warm ionized ISM distributed on scales of $\sim5$ to $\sim20\,$kpc. A large fraction of the extended gaseous nebula is located near the systemic velocity. This nebula may thus be the patchy ISM which is illuminated by the AGN after the passage of the jet. A radiatively-driven outflow is observed within $\sim5\,$kpc from the nucleus. The inefficient coupling ($\lesssim 10^{-4}$) between this outflow and the quasar and the lack of extreme gas motions on galactic scales are inconsistent with other high-$z$ powerful quasars. Combining our data with ground-based studies, we conclude that only a minor fraction of the feedback processes is happening on $<25\,$kpc scales.
Jet-driven shocks and turbulence in radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei observed with JWST MIRI/MRS
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心（CAB），西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所）；Departamento de Física, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria（圣玛丽亚联邦大学物理系，CCNE）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利群岛天体物理学研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉帕鲁纳大学）；National and Kapodistrian University of Athens（雅典国立卡波季斯特里安大学）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；University of Utah（犹他大学）
Black Holes in the Shadow: The Missing High-Ionization Lines in the Earliest JWST AGNs
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；University of California Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）
We utilize medium-resolution JWST/NIRSpec observations of 164 galaxies at $z=2.0-9.3$ from the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey to investigate the evolution of the excitation and ionization properties of galaxies at high redshifts. Our results represent the first statistical constraints on the evolution of the [OIII]/H$β$ vs. [NII]/H$α$, [SII]/H$α$, and [OI]/H$α$ ``BPT'' diagrams at $z>2.7$, and the first analysis of the O32 vs. R23 diagram at $z>4$ with a large sample. We divide the sample into five redshift bins containing 30-40 galaxies each. The subsamples at $z\sim2.3…
Ionization Structure and Metal Enrichment of the Galactic Center Minispiral Observed with JWST
McGill University（麦吉尔大学）；Trottier Space Institute（特罗蒂尔太空研究所）；Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto（多伦多大学加拿大理论天体物理研究所）；Max Planck Insitute for Radioastronomy（马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所）；Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心）；Institute of Astrophysics, Central China Normal University（华中师范大学天体物理研究所）；Villanova University（维拉诺瓦大学）
We use the results of relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of jet-ISM interactions in a galaxy with a radio-loud AGN to quantify the extent of ionization in the central few kpcs of the gaseous galactic disc. We perform post-process radiative transfer of AGN radiation through the simulated gaseous jet-perturbed disc to estimate the extent of photo-ionization by the AGN with an incident luminosity of $10^{45}~\mathrm{erg\,s^{-1}}$. We also map the gas that is collisionally ionized due to shocks driven by the jet. The analysis was carried out for simulations with similar jet power ($10^{45}~\mat…
Spatially Resolved AGN Ionization and Star Formation at Cosmic Noon with JWST/JEMS
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）；NSF NOIRLab（美国国家科学基金会NOIR天文台）；International Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab（国际Gemini天文台/美国国家科学基金会NOIR天文台）；Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校天文学系）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge（剑桥卡弗里宇宙学研究所）
We present four radio-loud NLS1 galaxies with extreme emission-line shifts, indicating radial outflow velocities of the ionized gas of up to 2450 km/s, above the escape velocity of the host galaxies. The forbidden lines show strong broadening, up to 2270 km/s. An ionization stratification (higher line shift at higher ionization potential) implies that we see a large-scale outflow rather than single, localized jet-cloud interactions. Similarly, the paucity of zero-velocity [OIII]$λ$5007 emitting gas implies the absence of a second narrow-line region (NLR) component at rest, and therefore a larg…
Context: It has been proposed that H$_2$ near-infrared lines may be excited by cosmic rays and allow for a determination of the cosmic-ray ionization rate in dense gas. One-dimensional models show that measuring both the H$_2$ gas column density and H$_2$ line intensity enables a constraint on the cosmic-ray ionization rate as well as the spectral slope of low-energy cosmic-ray protons in the interstellar medium (ISM). Aims: We aim to investigate the impact of certain assumptions regarding the H$_2$ chemical models and ISM density distributions on the emission of cosmic-ray induced H$_2$ emiss…
Low-energy cosmic-rays (CRs) control the thermo-chemical state and the coupling between gas and magnetic fields in dense molecular clouds, the sites of star-formation. However, current estimates of the low-energy CR spectrum ($E \lesssim 1$ GeV) and the associated CR ionization rate are highly uncertain. We apply, for the first time, a new method for constraining the CR ionization rate and the CR spectral shape using H$_2$ rovibrational lines from cold molecular clouds. Using the MMIRS instrument on the MMT, we obtained deep near-infrared (NIR) spectra in six positions within four dense cores,…
Ratios of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) vibrational bands are a promising tool for measuring the properties of the PAH population and their effect on star formation. The photometric bands of the MIRI and NIRCam instruments on JWST provide the opportunity to measure PAH emission features across entire galaxy disks at unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. Here we present the first results of this analysis in a sample of three nearby galaxies: NGC 628, NGC 1365, and NGC 7496. Based on the variations observed in the 3.3, 7.7, and 11.3 $μ$m features, we infer changes to the average PAH …
JWST absorption line spectroscopy with SPURS: ISM covering fractions and kinematics in individual galaxies at $z=5-9$
The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学研究所天文台）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校天文学系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校物理与天文学系）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所）；Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室）；Instituto de Estudios Astrofícos, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales（迭戈·波特莱斯大学工程与科学学院天体物理研究所）；Millenium Nucleus for Galaxies (MINGAL)（星系千年核心（MINGAL））；Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Univers（宗座大学物理学院天体物理研究所）
JWST reveals a highly ionized nebula powered by an ultraluminous X-ray source with a massive black hole in the metal-poor galaxy Holmberg II
Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute（欧洲航天局天文研究联盟，太空望远镜科学研究所）；Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam（波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所）；Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent（根特大学天文台）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所（地球物理与化学研究所，西班牙国家研究委员会））；Centro de Astrobiología – Departamento de Astrofísica (CSIC-INTA)（天体生物学中心 - 天体物理学系（西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所））
本研究通过JWST光谱观测，首次在ULX Ho II X-1周围探测到[Ne V]和[Ne VI]，直接证实该ULX关联低金属丰度星系中的高度电离星云，其电离由吸积黑洞驱动，电离条件呈各向异性。
We present mid-infrared spectroscopic observations of the nucleus of the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 taken with the MIRI instrument on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of Directors Discretionary Time Early Release Science (ERS) program 1328. The high resolution nuclear spectrum contains 19 emission lines covering a wide range of ionization. The high ionization lines show broad, blueshifted emission reaching velocities up to 1700 km s$^{-1}$ and FWHM ranging from $\sim500 - 1100$ km s$^{-1}$. The width of the broad emission and the broad to narrow line flux ratios correlate with…
Search for High-Ionization Nebular Emission (SHINE). I. A Systematically Selected [Ne V] Sample at z > 3 with JWST/NIRSpec PRISM
George Mason University（乔治梅森大学）；Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève（日内瓦天文台，日内瓦大学）；CNRS, IRAP（法国国家科学研究中心，天体物理研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva（日内瓦大学天文学系）
A JWST/NIRSpec Exploration of the Connection between Ionization Parameter, Electron Density, and Star-Formation-Rate Surface Density in z=2.7-6.3 Galaxies
First Results from the JWST Early Release Science Program Q3D: AGN Photoionization and Shock Ionization in a Red Quasar at $z = 0.4$
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Rhodes College（罗兹学院）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut（海德堡大学天体物理中心，天文计算研究所）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
It is believed that the gas accretion onto the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is the main process of powering its luminous emission, which occurs in optical, UV and X-ray regimes and less frequently in radio waves. The observational fact that only a few percent of quasars are radio-loud is still an unresolved issue concerning the understanding of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) population. Here we present a detection of a rapid transition from the radio-quiet to the radio-loud mode in quasar 013815+00 (z=0.94) which coincides with changes of its UV-optical continuum and the low ionization …
We analyze the rest-frame near-UV and optical nebular spectra of three $z > 7$ galaxies from the Early Release Observations taken with the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). These three high-z galaxies show the detection of several strong-emission nebular lines, including the temperature-sensitive [O III] $λ$4363 line, allowing us to directly determine the nebular conditions and abundances for O/H, C/O, and Ne/O. We derive O/H abundances and ionization parameters that are generally consistent with other recent analyses. We analyze the mass-metallicit…
Stellar winds of O-type stars traced by high ionization fine-structure emission lines with JWST/MIRI
Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）；European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲空间局）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究所）；Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, Universiteit van Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内库克天文学研究所）
利用 JWST/MIRI 观测 22 颗 OB 型星，通过 [Ne V] 14.3μm 发射线测量 5 颗 O 型星的星风速度和质量损失率下限，发现中红外发射在弱风区也频繁出现，为研究大质量星星风提供新窗口。
We present optical-line gas metallicity diagnostics established by the combination of local SDSS galaxies and the largest compilation of extremely metal-poor galaxies (EMPGs) including new EMPGs identified by the Subaru EMPRESS survey. A total of 103 EMPGs are included that cover a large parameter space of magnitude (Mi=-19 to -7) and H-beta equivalent width (10-600 Ang), i.e., wide ranges of stellar mass and star-formation rate. Using reliable metallicity measurements of the direct method for these galaxies, we derive the relationships between strong optical-line ratios and gas-phase metallic…
The Sunburst Arc with JWST. IV. The importance of interaction, turbulence, and feedback for Lyman-continuum escape
Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；International Space Science Institute（国际空间科学研究所）；Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC（NASA戈达德太空飞行中心空间科学与技术研究实验中心）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯蒂沃德天文台）
The Early Release Observations (EROs) of JWST beautifully demonstrate the promise of JWST in characterizing the universe at cosmic dawn. We analyze the ERO spectra of three $z \sim 8$ galaxies to determine their metallicities, gas temperatures and ionization. These galaxies offer the first opportunity to understand the physical properties of epoch-of-reionization galaxies through detailed rest-optical emission line spectroscopy. We show that these objects have metal abundances $12+\log[O/H] \approx 6.9 - 8.2$, based on both the $T_e$ method and on a recent calibration of the $R_{23}$ metallici…
The nearby, luminous infrared galaxy (LIRG) NGC 7469 hosts a Seyfert nucleus with a circumnuclear star-forming ring and is thus the ideal local laboratory for investigating the starburst--AGN connection in detail. We present integral-field observations of the central 1.3 kpc region in NGC 7469 obtained with the JWST Mid-InfraRed Instrument. Molecular and ionized gas distributions and kinematics at a resolution of {\sim}100 pc over the 4.9 - 7.6μm region are examined to study gas dynamics influenced by the central AGN. The low-ionization [Fe II] λ5.34μm and [Ar II] λ6.99μm lines are bright on t…
Radio-loud Narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxies are unique probes of the formation of powerful radio jets at extreme (near-Eddington) accretion rates and low black hole masses, in a regime very different from classical blazars and, therefore, not probed before. Further, strong thermal and non-thermal components simultaneously present in their spectral energy distributions (SEDs), shed new light on the jet-disk connection at much shorter timescales, given their low SMBH masses. While NLS1 galaxies have been studied thoroughly at optical and X-ray energies for decades, the populations of radio-…
Next generation telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (NGRST) will enable us to study the first billion years of our Universe in unprecedented detail. In this work we use the ASTRAEUS (semi-numerical rAdiative tranSfer coupling of galaxy formaTion and Reionization in N-body dArk mattEr simUlationS) framework, that couples galaxy formation and reionization (for a wide range of reionization feedback models), to estimate the cosmic variance expected in the UV Luminosity Function (UV LF) and the Stellar Mass Function (SMF) in JWST survey…
Unveiling the Cosmic Chemistry II: "Direct" $T_e$-based metallicity of galaxies at 3 $< z <$ 10 with JWST/NIRSpec
Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究研究所）；University of Kentucky（肯塔基大学）；University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）
We study the ultraviolet (UV) emission-line ratios of a sample of 145 type II quasars (QSO2s) from Sloan Digital Sky Survey III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, and compare against a grid of active galactic nucleus (AGN) photoionization models with a range in gas density, gas chemical abundances, and ionization parameter. Most of the quasars are "carbon-loud", with Civ/He ii ratios that are unusually high for the narrow-line region, implying higher than expected gas density (>10^6 cm^-3) and/or signicantly super-Solar relative carbon abundance. We also find that solar or supersolar nit…
Nearby dwarf galaxies provide a unique laboratory in which to test stellar population models below $Z_\odot/2$. Such tests are particularly important for interpreting the surprising high-ionization UV line emission detected at $z>6$ in recent years. We present HST/COS ultraviolet spectra of ten nearby metal-poor star-forming galaxies selected to show He II emission in SDSS optical spectra. The targets span nearly a dex in gas-phase oxygen abundance ($7.8<12+\log\mathrm{O/H}<8.5$) and present uniformly large specific star formation rates (sSFR $\sim 10^2$ $\mathrm{Gyr}^{-1}$). The UV spectra co…
Optical and UV properties of radio-quiet (RQ) and radio-loud (RL, relativistically "jetted") active galactic nuclei (AGN) are known to differ markedly; however, it is still unclear what is due to a sample selection and what is associated with intrinsic differences in the inner workings of their emitting regions. Chemical composition is an important parameter related to the trends of the quasar main sequence. Recent works suggest that in addition to physical properties such as density, column density, and ionization level, strong FeII emitters require very high metal content. Little is known, h…
A detailed understanding of how the activity of a galactic nucleus regulates the growth of its host is still missing. To understand the activity and the types of accretion of supermassive black holes in different hosts, it is essential to study radio-optical properties of a large sample of extragalactic sources. In particular, we aim at studying the radio spectral index trends across the optical emission line diagnostic diagrams to search for potential (anti)correlations. To this goal, we combine flux densities from the radio FIRST survey at $1.4\,{\rm GHz}$ (with the flux density range $10\,{…
JADES: Detecting [OIII]$λ4363$ Emitters and Testing Strong Line Calibrations in the High-$z$ Universe with Ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy up to $z \sim 9.5$
Probing AGN Feedback in Dwarf Galaxies with Spatially Resolved NIR Coronal Lines from JWST
University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Ehime University（爱媛大学）；George Mason University（乔治梅森大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Steward Observatory, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
A global understanding of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and their host galaxies hinges on completing a census of AGN activity without selection biases down to the low-luminosity regime. Toward that goal, we identify AGN within faint radio populations at cosmic noon selected from new ultra-deep, high resolution imaging from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 6 and 3 GHz. These radio data are spatially coincident with the ultra-deep legacy surveys in the GOODS-S/HUDF region, particularly the unparalleled Chandra 7 Ms X-ray imaging. Combined, these datasets provide a unique basis for a thoroug…
Cosmic-ray impact on optical and mid-infrared emission line diagnostics in NGC 5728
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens（雅典国立卡波迪斯特里安大学）；Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA)（阿拉贡宇宙物理研究中心）；Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF–IAPS)（空间天体物理学与行星科学研究所）
