氢同位素（氕、氘、氚）在钨中的滞留是聚变发电厂设计中最严峻的问题之一，因为氚的大量俘获可能导致未来反应堆的放射性安全限值超标。沟道模式核反应分析（nuclear reaction analysis method in channeling mode, NRA/C）可用于检测钨中的氢同位素，但实验谱中隐含的信息有待解读。本研究中，我们提出一种方法，通过模拟由第一性原理计算得到的氘晶格位置原子结构对应的NRA/C谱，来解读实验NRA/C谱对氘特定晶格位置的响应。我们发现，俘获条件（即滞留氘的局部晶体结构状态）会影响氘的晶格位置，且这种晶格位置的变化可通过离子沟道法检测到。通过分析实验数据，我们能够确定氘俘获条件的具体信息，包括单个空位俘获的氘原子数量，以及空位中与氘共存的杂质原子的存在情况。
英文摘要：
Retention of hydrogen isotopes (protium, deuterium and tritium) in tungsten is one of the most severe issues in design of fusion power plants, since significant trapping of tritium may cause exceeding radioactivity safety limits in future reactors. Hydrogen isotopes in tungsten can be detected using the nuclear reaction analysis method in channeling mode (NRA/C). However, the information hidden within the experimental spectra is subject to interpretation. In this work, we propose the methodology to interpret the response of the experimental NRA/C spectra to the specific lattice locations of deuterium by simulations of the NRA/C spectra from atomic structures of deuterium lattice locations as obtained from the first principles calculations. We show that trapping conditions, i.e., states of local crystal structures retaining deuterium, affect the lattice locations of deuterium and the change of lattice locations can be detected by ion channeling method. By analyzing the experimental data, we are able to determine specific information on the deuterium trapping conditions, including the number of deuterium atoms trapped by one vacancy as well as the presence of impurity atoms along with deuterium in vacancies.
Damage dose dependence of deuterium retention in high-temperature self-ion irradiated tungsten
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics（马克斯·普朗克等离子体物理研究所）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials - Applied Materials Physics（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院应用材料研究所）
Temperature-Dependent In-Situ LEIS Measurement of W Surface Enrichment by 250 eV D Sputtering of EUROFER
利用低能He $^{+}$离子散射光谱原位测量了250 eV氘溅射EUROFER钢表面钨的富集。在300 K和800 K之间的不同温度下，用2e18 m $^{-2}$ s $^{-1}$的氘原子通量和高达1.1e23 m $^{-2}$的最大注量辐照样品。在室温下的测量显示钨表面密度的明显增加，但已经在520 K下观察到的富集只有一半大。在800 K的温度下，没有检测到钨表面富集。所获得的数据可以确定的上限为1.6 eV的钨在EUROFER的扩散激活能。
Atomistic understanding of hydrogen bubble-induced embrittlement in tungsten enabled by machine learning molecular dynamics
University of Science and Technology Beijing（北京科技大学）；Fuzhou University（福州大学）；Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing（北京科技大学材料基因组工程高等创新中心）；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；Tel Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）
Comparative study on radiation resistance of WTaCrV high-entropy alloy and tungsten in helium-containing conditions
NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research（国家核研究中心 NOMATEN 卓越中心）；National Center for nuclear Research, Materials Research Laboratory（国家核研究中心材料研究实验室）；Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University（阿尔托大学应用物理系）
Graph neural network prediction of temperature-dependent hydrogen diffusion and thermal conductivity tensors of tungsten containing helium bubbles and grain boundaries
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University（山形大学理工学研究科）；National Institute for Fusion Science（国立研究開発法人核融合科学研究所）
Deep Learning-Accelerated Dynamic Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation for Hydrogen Transport in Tungsten
Yamagata University（山形大学）；National Institute for Fusion Science（国立研究開発法人核融合科学研究所）；Nagoya University（名古屋大学）；Toyota Technical Development Corporation（丰田技术开发株式会社）；Keio University（庆应义塾大学）；National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology（国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構）；National Institutes of Technology, Nagaoka College（国立高等専門学校機構長岡工業高等専門学校）
Development of a 3D-CNN-based Prediction Model for Migration Barriers in Plasma-Wall Interactions
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University（山形大学理工学研究科）；Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University（名古屋大学工学研究科）；National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology（国立研究開発法人量子科学技術研究開発機構）；National Institutes of Technology, Nagaoka College（国立高等専門学校機構長岡技術科学大学）
