共生区块链共识：基于认知反向散射通信的无线区块链共识
Symbiotic Blockchain Consensus: Cognitive Backscatter Communications-enabled Wireless Blockchain Consensus
AI总结：
针对无线区块链网络中通信链路不稳、节点能耗高导致共识性能下降的问题，提出基于认知反向散射通信的共生区块链共识机制，经仿真验证可有效提升共识成功率并降低能耗。
摘要：
无线区块链网络（WBN）概念源于部署在无线网络中的区块链，已受到众多网络场景的关注。区块链共识机制（CM）是让无线网络中的节点无需任何可信实体即可达成一致性的关键。然而，无线网络中通信链路的不稳定性会严重影响共识可靠性。同时，无线场景下的节点难以获得及时的能源供应，高能耗的区块链功能会快速耗尽节点电量，进而降低共识性能。幸运的是，由认知反向散射通信赋能的共生无线电（SR）系统能够解决上述问题。在SR系统中，次级发射机（STx）借助主发射机（PTx）发射的射频（RF）信号以极低能耗传输消息，而STx反过来也能为PTx提供多径增益。这种方法几乎适用于所有基于投票的共识机制，例如类似实用拜占庭容错（PBFT）和类似RAFT的共识机制。本文提出了共生区块链共识（SBC），通过改造6种类似PBFT和4种类似RAFT的前沿（SOTA）共识机制来验证其通用性。这些新的共识机制将受益于SR中的互利传输关系，充分利用WBN中有限的频谱资源。仿真结果表明，SBC可将类似PBFT和类似RAFT共识机制的共识成功率分别提升54.1%和5.8%，同时将能耗分别降低9.2%和23.7%。
英文摘要：
The wireless blockchain network (WBN) concept, born from the blockchain deployed in wireless networks, has appealed to many network scenarios. Blockchain consensus mechanisms (CMs) are key to enabling nodes in a wireless network to achieve consistency without any trusted entity. However, consensus reliability will be seriously affected by the instability of communication links in wireless networks. Meanwhile, it is difficult for nodes in wireless scenarios to obtain a timely energy supply. Energy-intensive blockchain functions can quickly drain the power of nodes, thus degrading consensus performance. Fortunately, a symbiotic radio (SR) system enabled by cognitive backscatter communications can solve the above problems. In SR, the secondary transmitter (STx) transmits messages over the radio frequency (RF) signal emitted from a primary transmitter (PTx) with extremely low energy consumption, and the STx can provide multipath gain to the PTx in return. Such an approach is useful for almost all vote-based CMs, such as the Practical Byzantine Fault-tolerant (PBFT)-like and the RAFT-like CMs. This paper proposes symbiotic blockchain consensus (SBC) by transforming 6 PBFT-like and 4 RAFT-like state-of-the-art (SOTA) CMs to demonstrate universality. These new CMs will benefit from mutualistic transmission relationships in SR, making full use of the limited spectrum resources in WBN. Simulation results show that SBC can increase the consensus success rate of PBFT-like and RAFT-like by 54.1% and 5.8%, respectively, and reduce energy consumption by 9.2% and 23.7%, respectively.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
