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arXiv 2312.04040astro-ph.GA
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3<z<6大质量星系的并合历史

Merging history of massive galaxies at 3<z<6

Kemeng Li, Zhen Jiang, Ping He, Qi Guo, Jie Wang

AI总结:

该研究基于半解析星系形成星表分析3<z<6大质量星系并合历史,揭示主并合率与湿并合比例的红移演化,并检验特殊并合系统、SMBH—晕质量关系及双AGN。

摘要:

高红移星系的观测数据正变得日益丰富,尤其是自James Webb Space Telescope(JWST,詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜)运行以来,这使我们能够在高红移处验证并优化星系形成模型。在本工作中,我们利用一个成熟的半解析星系形成星表,研究了3<z<6大质量星系的并合历史。我们发现主并合率随红移升高而增加,至红移3后趋于平缓。湿并合是指两个并合星系的冷气体质量总和高于恒星质量总和,其比例也从z=0时的约34%增加到z=3时的96%。有趣的是,在z>3时,几乎所有主并合都是湿并合。这可归因于z>3时冷气体所占比例很高(>50%)。此外,我们研究了3<z<6范围内一些特殊的大质量并合星系系统,包括大质量富气主并合系统和极端致密原星系团,并考察了超大质量黑洞—暗物质晕质量关系以及双AGN。我们发现,星系形成模型能够再现那些观测到的大质量星系的出现率,但未能再现z约为6时超大质量黑洞质量与暗物质晕质量之间的关系。后一问题需要在观测上更谨慎地估算超大质量黑洞质量;否则,这可能意味着需要修改高红移下超大质量黑洞增长的建模方式。

英文摘要:

The observational data of high redshift galaxies become increasingly abundant, especially since the operation of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which allows us to verify and optimize the galaxy formation model at high redshifts. In this work, we investigate the merging history of massive galaxies at $3 < z < 6$ using a well-developed semi-analytic galaxy formation catalogue. We find that the major merger rate increases with redshift up to 3 and then flattens. The fraction of wet mergers, during which the sum of the cold gas mass is higher than the sum of the stellar mass in two merging galaxies, also increases from $\sim$ 34\% at $z = 0$ to 96\% at $z = 3$. Interestingly, almost all major mergers are wet at $z > 3$ . This can be attributed to the high fraction ($> 50\%$) of cold gas at $z > 3$. In addition, we study some special systems of massive merging galaxies at $3 < z < 6$, including the massive gas-rich major merging systems and extreme dense proto-clusters, and investigate the supermassive black hole-dark matter halo mass relation and dual AGNs. We find that the galaxy formation model reproduces the incidence of those observed massive galaxies, but fails to reproduce the relation between the supermassive black hole mass and the dark matter halo mass at $z \sim 6$. The latter requires more careful estimates of the supermassive black hole masses observationally. Otherwise, it could suggest modifications of the modeling of the supermassive black hole growth at high redshifts.

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