Green hydrogen has shown great potential to power microgrids as a primary source, yet the operation methodology under extreme events is still an open area. To fill this gap, this letter establishes an operational optimization strategy towards resilient hydrogen-powered microgrids, where the frequency and voltage regulation characteristics of hydrogen sources under advanced controls are accurately represented by piecewise linear constraints. The results show that the new operation approach can output a safety-assured operation plan with rational power change distribution and reduced frequency and voltage variation.
Microgrids present an effective solution for the coordinated deployment of various distributed energy resources and furthermore provide myriad additional benefits such as resilience, decreased carbon footprint, and reliability to energy consumers and the energy system as a whole. Boosting the resilience of distribution systems is another major benefit of microgrids. This is because they can also serve as a backup power source when the utility grid operations are interrupted due to either high-probability low-impact events like a component failure or low-probability high-impact events - be it a…
Renewable energy-based microgrids play a critical role in future smart grids. Due to the uncertainties of renewable generations, the microgrids face potential risk of load shedding during operation. To address this problem, we propose a contract-based approach to enhance the resilience of microgrids. Specifically, in the framework, the microgrids who may not be self-efficient to meet their local demands can purchase the needed power from their connected microgrids by signing a contract that specifies the power price in advance. We leverage a principal-agent model to capture the energy trading …
Microgrids are being increasing deployed to improve the operational flexibility, resilience, coordinated-energy management capabilities, self-adequacy, and increased reliability of power systems. This strong market growth is also driven by advances in power electronics, improved control systems, and the rapidly falling price and increased adoption of distributed energy generation technologies, like solar photovoltaics and storage. In the event of grid outages, microgrids can provide a backup source of power; providing resilience to the critical loads; however, this requires that the microgrid …
This paper proposes a novel resilience index, a microgrid survivability rate (SR) under extreme events, and then proposes a novel Resilient Operational Planning (ROP) algorithm to maximize the proposed resilience index SR. The proposed ROP algorithm can incorporate predetermined inverter failure probabilities and generate multiple scenarios accordingly to optimize resilient operations during an extreme event. The implemented ROP algorithm consists of two main steps: (i) optimization of resilient operational planning, and (ii) preventive resilience enhancement if minimum SR is not met per the a…
Integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) at a residential level has given way to the development of a self-sufficient energy-resilient system and peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading at a community level. Several researchers have developed models to implement energy trading in the P2P network with DERs that enables prosumers to avail cost benefits. However, the impact of DERs and P2P energy network on the system's resilience is not evaluated with a quantifiable measure. In this work, we use the percolation threshold as a measure to quantify energy resilience, which can be computed using…
This paper proposes a cyber-physical cooperative mitigation framework to enhance power systems resilience under extreme events, e.g., earthquakes and hurricanes. Extreme events can simultaneously damage the physical-layer electric power infrastructure and the cyber-layer communication facilities. Microgrid (MG) has been widely recognised as an effective physical-layer response to such events, however, the mitigation strategy in the cyber lay is yet to be fully investigated. Therefore, this paper proposes a resilience-oriented centralised-to-decentralised framework to maintain the power supply …
In case of high impact low probability events, in order to restore the critical loads of the distribution network as much as possible, it is necessary to employ all available resources such as microgrids and distributed generations. This paper presents a two-stage method for critical load restoration after an extreme event utilizing the coordination of all available distributed generations, microgrids, and demand response programs. In the first stage, the post-disaster reconfiguration of the network is determined, and in the second stage, the demand response outputs of the responsive loads and…
Community-Centered Resilience Enhancement of Urban Power and Gas Networks via Microgrid Partitioning, Mobile Energy Storage, and Data-Driven Risk Assessment
Game-Theoretic Resilience Framework for Cyber-Physical Microgrids using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
ABB Ability Innovation Center, Hyderabad（ABB Ability创新中心，海得拉巴）；Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati（印度理工学院特里普蒂学院）；Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad（印度理工学院（ISM）电子工程系，丹巴德）；Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad（印度理工学院（ISM），丹巴德）
Game Theoretic Resilience Recommendation Framework for CyberPhysical Microgrids Using Hypergraph MetaLearning
ABB Ability Innovation Center, Hyderabad（ABB Ability创新中心，海得拉巴）；Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati（印度泰浦蒂理工学院）；Centre for Quantum Science and Technology, Siksha ’O’ Anusandhan University（量子科学与技术中心，锡沙‘O’安纳桑大学）；Indian Institute of Technology, Tirupati（印度泰浦蒂理工学院）
In this paper, we present a mitigation methodology that leverages battery energy storage system (BESS) resources in coordination with microgrid (MG) ancillary services to maintain power system operations during cyberattacks. The control of MG agents is achieved in a distributed fashion, and once a misbehaving agent is detected, the MG's mode supervisory controller (MSC) isolates the compromised agent and initiates self-healing procedures to support the power demand and restore the compromised agent. Our results demonstrate the practicality of the proposed attack mitigation strategy and how gri…
This paper presents a method for controlling the voltage of inverter-based Microgrids by proposing a new scale-free distributed cooperative controller. The communication network is modeled by a general time-varying graph which enhances the resilience of the proposed protocol against communication link failure, data packet loss, and fast plug and play operation in the presence of arbitrarily communication delays. The proposed scale-free distributed cooperative controller is independent of any information about the communication system and the size of the network (i.e., the number of distributed…
Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University Singapore（南洋理工大学跨学科研究生院（新加坡））；School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore（南洋理工大学电气与电子工程学院（新加坡））
Mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) provide mobility and flexibility to enhance distribution system resilience. The paper proposes a Markov decision process (MDP) formulation for an integrated service restoration strategy that coordinates the scheduling of MESSs and resource dispatching of microgrids. The uncertainties in load consumption are taken into account. The deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is utilized to solve the MDP for optimal scheduling. Specifically, the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) is applied to train the deep Q-network and policy network, t…
In recent years, it has become crucial to improve the resilience of electricity distribution networks (DNs) against storm-induced failures. Microgrids enabled by Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) can significantly help speed up re-energization of loads, particularly in the complete absence of bulk power supply. We describe an integrated approach which considers a pre-storm DER allocation problem under the uncertainty of failure scenarios as well as a post-storm dispatch problem in microgrids during the multi-period repair of the failed components. This problem is computationally challenging …
When planning the investment in Microgrids (MGs), usually static security constraints are included to ensure their resilience and ability to operate in islanded mode. However, unscheduled islanding events may trigger cascading disconnections of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) inside the MG due to the transient response, leading to a partial or full loss of load. In this paper, a min-max-min, hybrid, stochastic-robust investment planning model is proposed to obtain a resilient MG considering both High-Impact-Low-Frequency (HILF) and Low-Impact-High-Frequency (LIHF) uncertainties. The HILF u…
In recent years, there has been significant growth of distributed energy resources (DERs) penetration in the power grid. The stochastic and intermittent features of variable DERs such as roof top photovoltaic (PV) bring substantial uncertainties to the grid on the consumer end and weaken the grid reliability. In addition, the fact that numerous DERs are widespread in the grid makes it hard to monitor and manage DERs. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel real-time grid-supporting energy management (GSEM) strategy for grid-supporting microgrid (MG). This strategy can not only p…
Uncertainty in renewable energy generation and load consumption is a great challenge for microgrid operation, especially in islanded mode as the microgrid may be small in size and has limited flexible resources. In this paper, a multi-timescale, two-stage robust unit commitment and economic dispatch model is proposed to optimize the microgrid operation. The first stage is a combination of day-ahead hourly and real-time sub-hourly model, which means the day-ahead dispatch result must also satisfy the real-time condition at the same time. The second stage is to verify the feasibility of the day-…
Network reconfiguration (NR) has recently received significant attention due to its potential to improve grid resilience by realizing self-healing microgrids (MGs). This paper proposes a new strategy for the real-time frequency regulation of a reconfigurable MG, wherein the feedforward control of synchronous and inverter-interfaced distributed generators (DGs) is achieved in coordination with the operations of sectionalizing and tie switches (SWs). This enables DGs to compensate more quickly, and preemptively, for a forthcoming variation in load demand due to NR-aided restoration. An analytica…
In remote or islanded communities, the use of microgrids (MGs) is necessary to ensure electrification and resilience of supply. However, even in small-scale systems, it is computationally and mathematically challenging to design low-cost, optimal, sustainable solutions taking into consideration all the uncertainties of load demands and power generations from renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper uses the open-source Python-based Energy Planning (PyEPLAN) tool, developed for the design of sustainable MGs in remote areas, on the Alderney island, the 3$^{rd}$ largest of the Channel Islands …
Homogeneous and Mixed Energy Communities Discovery with Spatial-Temporal Net Energy
Illinois Institute of Technology（伊利诺伊理工学院）；University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire（威斯康星大学欧克莱尔分校）；Santa Clara University（圣克拉拉大学）；University of Rhode Island（罗德岛大学）
Integration of renewable generation and energy storage technologies with conventional generation supports increased resilience, lower-costs, and clean energy goals. Traditionally, energy supply needs of rural off-grid communities have been addressed with diesel-generation. But with rapidly falling renewable generation costs, mini-grids are transforming into hybrid systems with a mix of renewables, energy storage, and diesel-generation. Optimal design of hybrid mini-grid requires an understanding of both the economic and power quality impacts of different designs. Existing approaches to modelin…
In the literature, smart grids are modeled as cyber-physical power systems without considering the computational social aspects. However, end-users are playing a key role in their operation and response to disturbances via demand response and distributed energy resources. Therefore, due to the critical role of active and passive end-users and the intermittency of renewable energy, smart grids must be planned and operated by considering the computational social aspects in addition to the technical aspects. The level of cooperation, flexibility, and other social features of the various stakehold…
