溢洪道预热的现象学：状态方程与引力波
Phenomenology of Spillway Preheating: Equation of State and Gravitational Waves
AI总结：
本文研究“溢洪道”通过子粒子微扰衰变提升预热效率的情景，系统扫描参数空间以确定其状态方程，并分析其对 $n_s$、$r$ 及高频引力波谱的影响。
摘要：
在标准的快子共振预热情景中，由于反作用效应，暴胀子能量密度中只有数量级为一的一部分被转移到辐射中。提高能量转移效率的一种可能方法是允许共振产生的子粒子发生微扰衰变，这些子粒子充当“溢洪道”，排出暴胀子的直接衰变产物并减弱反作用。本文研究溢洪道预热的两个观测后果。第一个涉及暴胀观测量：标量谱指数 $n_s$ 和张量-标量比 $r$。溢洪道情景改变了暴胀结束与热大爆炸之间状态方程的演化。因此，它会影响从暴胀到宇宙微波背景（CMB）所经历的时间，也会影响暴胀模型的拟合及其对 $n_s$ 和 $r$ 的相应预测。我们通过系统扫描溢洪道情景的参数空间，绘制出状态方程，并表明与快子预热情景相比，最高效的溢洪道情景预测出更蓝的谱。另一个后果是高频引力波（GWs）的产生。将模拟结果与快子预热的结果进行比较，我们发现溢洪道的存在会产生峰值更尖锐的 GW 谱，且振幅受到轻微抑制。
英文摘要：
In the canonical tachyonic resonance preheating scenario, only an order one fraction of energy density in the inflaton is transferred to radiation, due to backreaction effects. One possible way to improve the energy transfer efficiency is to allow for the perturbative decays of the resonantly produced daughter particles, which serve as the "spillway" to drain the direct decay products from inflaton and to reduce the backreaction. In this article, we study two observational consequences of spillway preheating. The first is on the inflationary observables: the scalar spectrum tilt $n_s$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. The spillway scenario modifies the evolution of the equation of state between the end of inflation and the thermal big bang. As a result, it affects the time elapsed from inflation to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), as well as the fits of inflationary models and their corresponding prediction for $n_s$ and $r$. We map out the equation of state by systematically scanning the parameter space of the spillway scenario, and show that the most efficient spillway scenario predicts a bluer spectrum, compared to the tachyonic preheating scenario. Another consequence is the production of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). Comparing the simulation results with those of tachyonic preheating, we find that the existence of spillways leads to sharper-peaked GW spectra with a mildly damped amplitude.
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