视觉特征在基于文本的验证码中的作用：一项面向可用性安全的功能性近红外光谱研究
The Role of Visual Features in Text-Based CAPTCHAs: An fNIRS Study for Usable Security
AI总结：
本研究利用功能性近红外光谱技术分析基于文本验证码的视觉特征，发现前额叶皮层对线条遮挡、旋转和波形扭曲产生响应，且视觉效应的系统添加引发非线性效应，为平衡验证码鲁棒性与可用性提供了神经影像学依据。
摘要：
为了缓解字典攻击或类似针对信息系统的不良自动化攻击，开发者大多倾向于使用验证码挑战作为人机交互证明（HIPs），以区分人类用户和脚本。验证码的恰当使用需要在挑战设计过程中兼顾鲁棒性与可用性。先前的研究表明，大多数可用性研究使用准确率和响应时间作为定量分析的测量标准。本研究旨在应用光学神经成像技术来分析验证码设计。采用功能性近红外光谱技术探究不同类型验证码刺激在前额叶皮层引起的血流动力学响应。研究结果表明，左侧和右侧背外侧前额叶皮层以及右侧背内侧前额叶皮层区域会对验证码中存在的线条遮挡、旋转和波形扭曲程度作出响应。系统性地添加视觉效应对行为和前额叶氧合测量产生了非线性效应，这表明格式塔效应的出现可能影响了人们对整体验证码图形的感知。
英文摘要：
To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate use of CAPTCHA requires a setup that balances between robustness and usability during the design of a challenge. The previous research reveals that most usability studies have used accuracy and response time as measurement criteria for quantitative analysis. The present study aims at applying optical neuroimaging techniques for the analysis of CAPTCHA design. The functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy technique was used to explore the hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex elicited by CAPTCHA stimulus of varying types. )e findings suggest that regions in the left and right dorsolateral and right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex respond to the degrees of line occlusion, rotation, and wave distortions present in a CAPTCHA. The systematic addition of the visual effects introduced nonlinear effects on the behavioral and prefrontal oxygenation measures, indicative of the emergence of Gestalt effects that might have influenced the perception of the overall CAPTCHA figure.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
