声重力波在极地大气非均匀风场中的传播
Propagation of acoustic-gravity waves in non-uniform wind flows of the polar atmosphere
AI总结：
针对极地大气中声重力波与风场的关联，本文建立考虑空间非均匀风场的流体动力学方程，通过变量代换分离背景参数与惯性力效应，推导出振幅随风速和传播方向变化的解析关系，并与卫星观测吻合。
摘要：
对大气极地区域声重力波的卫星观测表明，这些波与风场之间存在密切联系。本文研究了AGWs在空间非均匀流中的传播特性，其中风速沿水平方向缓慢变化。分析采用了一个流体动力学方程组，该方程组考虑了具有空间非均匀性的风场。与为静止介质（或以均匀速度运动的介质）建立的方程组不同，所得方程组包含描述波与介质相互作用的分量。研究表明，通过特殊的变量代换，可以将介质非均匀背景参数的影响与惯性力效应分离开来。得到了描述波在以非均匀速度运动的介质中振幅变化的解析表达式。该表达式包含两种函数依赖：1）由介质背景参数变化引起的线性部分，它不依赖于波相对于气流的传播方向；2）与惯性力相关的指数部分，它决定了AGWs振幅对其传播方向的依赖。指数部分表明，波的振幅在逆风中增大，在顺风中减小。所得AGWs振幅对风速的理论依赖关系，与极地热层中这些波的卫星观测数据高度吻合。
英文摘要：
Satellite observations of acoustic-gravity waves in the polar regions of the atmosphere indicate a close connection of these waves with wind flows. The paper investigates the peculiarities of the propagation of AGWs in spatially inhomogeneous flows, where the wind speed slowly changes in the horizontal direction. A system of hydrodynamic equations is used for the analysis, which takes into account the wind flow with spatial inhomogeneity. Unlike the system of equations written for a stationary medium (or a medium moving at a uniform speed), the resulting system contains components that describe the interaction of the waves with the medium. It is shown that the influence of inhomogeneous background parameters of the medium can be separated from the effects of inertial forces by means of the special variable substitution. The analytical expression is obtained that describes the changes in the wave amplitude in a medium moving with a non-uniform speed. This expression contains two functional dependencies: 1) the linear part caused by changes in the background parameters of the medium, it does not depend on the direction of the wave propagation relative to the flow; 2) the exponential part associated with the inertia forces, which determines the dependence of the amplitudes of AGWs on the direction of their propagation. The exponential part shows an increase in the amplitudes of the waves in the headwind and a decrease in their amplitudes in the downwind. The obtained theoretical dependence of the amplitudes of AGWs on the wind speed is in good agreement with the data of satellite observations of these waves in the polar thermosphere.
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