简并破除测量的设备无关认证
Device-independent certification of degeneracy-breaking measurements
AI总结：
本文提出利用多观察者顺序 Bell 测试和 CHSH 不等式最优量子违背，结合平方和方法，对 POVM 非锐测量解除简并的程度及数量上界进行设备无关认证。
摘要：
在设备无关 Bell 测试中，设备被视为黑箱，系统的维度也不作限定。此类 Bell 测试所涉及的二值可观测量可能是简并的，人们可以采用适当的测量方案来解除这种简并。然而，标准 Bell 测试无法说明简并是否被解除，或在多大程度上被解除，因为解除简并的效应只能反映在测量后状态中，而标准 Bell 测试并不认证这些状态。在本工作中，我们展示了基于多名观察者顺序 Bell 测试的简并破除测量的设备无关认证；这些观察者执行由正算子值测度（POVM）——投影子的含噪版本——所刻画的简并破除非锐测量。多名顺序观察者对 Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt 不等式的最优量子违背，最终使我们能够认证简并在多大程度上已被解除。具体而言，我们的协议在认证纠缠态和测量可观测量的同时，还认证了用于执行此类测量的 POVM 数量的上界。我们采用一种简洁的平方和方法，为这种简并破除测量认证提供支持。
英文摘要：
In a device-independent Bell test, the devices are considered to be black boxes and the dimension of the system remains unspecified. The dichotomic observables involved in such a Bell test can be degenerate and one may invoke a suitable measurement scheme to lift the degeneracy. However, the standard Bell test cannot account for whether or up to what extent the degeneracy is lifted, as the effect of lifting the degeneracy can only be reflected in the post-measurement states, which the standard Bell tests do not certify. In this work, we demonstrate the device-independent certification of degeneracy-breaking measurement based on the sequential Bell test by multiple observers who perform degeneracy-breaking unsharp measurements characterized by positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs) - the noisy variants of projectors. The optimal quantum violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality by multiple sequential observers eventually enables us to certify up to what extent the degeneracy has been lifted. In particular, our protocol certifies the upper bound on the number of POVMs used for performing such measurements along with the entangled state and measurement observables. We use an elegant sum-of-squares approach that powers such certification of degeneracy-breaking measurements.
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