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arXiv 2311.03230cs.DS
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平衡公平性的不同概念:公平投资组合大小与可实现保证之间的权衡

Balancing Notions of Equity: Trade-offs Between Fair Portfolio Sizes and Achievable Guarantees

Swati Gupta, Jai Moondra, Mohit Singh

AI总结:

本文研究优化问题中公平性目标下的“投资组合问题”,探讨投资组合大小与近似因子的权衡,提出 OrderAndCount 和 IterativeOrdering 框架,在调度、覆盖多面体等组合问题上实现了投资组合大小的指数级提升。

摘要:

出于对公平性问题的关注,我们研究了“投资组合问题”:给定一个包含可行解集合 $D$ 的优化问题、定义在 $D$ 上的公平性目标函数类 $\mathbf{C}$ 以及近似因子 $α\ge 1$,若对于每个目标 $f \in \mathbf{C}$,在 $X$ 中都存在一个对 $f$ 的 $α$ 近似解,则可行解集合 $X \subseteq D$ 即为一个 $α$ 近似投资组合。我们选择 top-$k$ 范数、有序范数和对称单调范数类作为公平性目标,研究各种组合问题中投资组合大小 $|X|$ 与其近似因子 $α$ 之间的权衡。针对在非同质机上调度同质作业的问题,我们刻画了有序范数下的这种权衡,并针对对称单调范数给出了比一般上界在大小上有指数级提升的结果。我们将此结果推广为 OrderAndCount 框架,该框架对于具有常数数量约束的覆盖多面体,在投资组合大小上获得了指数级的提升。我们的框架基于一种新颖的原对偶计数技术,这可能具有独立的研究价值。我们还引入了一个通用的 IterativeOrdering 框架,用于对称单调范数的同步近似或大小为 $1$ 的投资组合,该框架推广并扩展了调度、$k$-聚类、集合覆盖和路由等问题的现有结果。

英文摘要:

Motivated by fairness concerns, we study the `portfolio problem': given an optimization problem with set $D$ of feasible solutions, a class $\mathbf{C}$ of fairness objective functions on $D$, and an approximation factor $α\ge 1$, a set $X \subseteq D$ of feasible solutions is an $α$-approximate portfolio if for each objective $f \in \mathbf{C}$, there is an $α$-approximation for $f$ in $X$. Choosing the classes of top-$k$ norms, ordered norms, and symmetric monotonic norms as our equity objectives, we study the trade-off between the size $|X|$ of the portfolio and its approximation factor $α$ for various combinatorial problems. For the problem of scheduling identical jobs on unidentical machines, we characterize this trade-off for ordered norms and give an exponential improvement in size for symmetric monotonic norms over the general upper bound. We generalize this result as the OrderAndCount framework that obtains an exponential improvement in portfolio sizes for covering polyhedra with a constant number of constraints. Our framework is based on a novel primal-dual counting technique that may be of independent interest. We also introduce a general IterativeOrdering framework for simultaneous approximations or portfolios of size $1$ for symmetric monotonic norms, which generalizes and extends existing results for problems such as scheduling, $k$-clustering, set cover, and routing.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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