双包层反谐振空芯光纤及其在多光子显微内窥镜中与其他光纤的对比研究
Double Clad Antiresonant Hollow Core Fiber and Its Comparison with other Fibres for Multiphoton Micro-Endoscopy
AI总结：
本研究对比了新型双包层反谐振空芯光纤、单包层反谐振光纤与实芯光纤的多光子显微内窥镜性能，证实双包层反谐振空芯光纤可适配扫描探测配置，适用于高性能无标记多光子显微内窥镜。
摘要：
本研究探讨了一种新型空芯（空气填充）双包层反谐振光纤（DC-ARF，double-clad anti-resonant fiber）作为多光子显微内窥镜潜在候选方案的性能，并将其特性与单包层反谐振光纤（SC-ARF，single-clad anti-resonant fiber）、实芯光纤（SCF，solid core fiber）进行了对比。DC-ARF和SC-ARF可实现低损耗（<0.2 dB·m⁻¹）、近无色散的激发脉冲传输（900 nm波长下每1米光纤脉冲宽度增加<10%），且不会引发非线性效应；而SCF会出现光谱展宽和脉冲展宽现象（900 nm波长下每1米光纤脉冲宽度增加>2000%）。理想的光纤内窥镜需具备数米长度，且可同时通过光纤实现激发和信号收集。为此，我们采用后向散射几何结构，对适配内窥镜场景的1米和3米长度光纤开展了多光子成像实验，信号收集方式分为直接收集（非扫描探测）和经光纤收集（扫描探测）两种。我们从钛酸钡晶体及生物样本（大鼠尾腱）中采集了二次谐波图像。在非扫描探测条件下，ARF类光纤的图像信噪比最高可达SCF的10倍。值得注意的是，仅DC-ARF凭借其高数值孔径（0.45）和宽收集带宽（>1 μm），能够在内窥镜所需的扫描探测配置下获取图像。综上，我们通过在不同图像采集配置下对各类光纤开展的系统表征与对比，验证并确立了DC-ARF在高性能无标记多光子成像显微内窥镜中的应用价值。
英文摘要：
In this work, we study a new hollow-core (air-filled) double-clad anti-resonant fiber (DC-ARF) as a potent candidate for multiphoton micro-endoscopy. We compare the fiber characteristics with a single-clad anti-resonant fiber (SC-ARF) and a solid core fiber (SCF). While the DC-ARF and the SC-ARF enable low-loss (<0.2 dBm-1), close to dispersion-free excitation pulse delivery (<10% pulse width increase at 900 nm per 1 m fiber) without any induced non-linearities, the SCF resulted in spectral broadening and pulse-stretching (> 2000% of pulse width increase at 900 nm per 1 m fiber). An ideal optical fiber endoscope needs to be several meters long and should enable both excitation and collection through the fiber. Therefore, we performed multiphoton imaging on endoscopy-compatible 1 m and 3 m lengths of fiber in the back-scattered geometry, wherein the signals were collected either directly (non-descanned detection) or through the fiber (descanned detection). Second harmonic images were collected from barium titanate crystals as well as from biological samples (rat tail tendon). In non-descanned detection conditions, the ARFs outperformed the SCF by up to 10 times in terms of signal-to-noise ratio of images. Significantly, only the DC-ARF, due to its high numerical aperture (0.45) and wide-collection bandwidth (>1 um), could provide images in the de-scanned detection configuration desirable for endoscopy. Thus, our systematic characterization and comparison of different optical fibres under different image collection configurations, confirms and establishes the utility of DC-ARFs for high-performing label-free multiphoton imaging based micro-endoscopy.
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